By Email (secd@sen.parl.gc.ca & catlin.seibel-kamel@sen.parl.gc.ca) November 22, 2023 The Standing Senate Committee on National Security, Defence and Veterans Affairs Attn: Catlin Seibel-Kamél, Legislative Clerk Senate of Canada Ottawa, Ontario Dear Hon. Chair, Deputy-Chair and Members of the Committee: Re: Bill C-21,

An Act to amend certain Acts and to make certain consequential amendments (firearms) On behalf of Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. (NTI), I would like to thank you for the opportunity to present before you on November 8, 2023 regarding Bill C-21. I am writing to provide additional responses on two particular issues on which I committed or had been asked to provide written follow-ups. These are: (1) whether NTI would like to see a separate regime for the northern territories or Indigenous people, and (2) what kind of amendments to the Bill that NTI would like to see.

To briefly recap, NTI represents Nunavut Inuit under the Nunavut Agreement. Our mandate is to ensure the constitutionally protected rights of Nunavut Inuit are respected and that governments live up to their responsibilities in the Agreement. Whether NTI would like to see a separate regime for the northern territories or Indigenous people As I stated during my presentation, the technical definition of the “assault-style” firearms in the Bill (the ”Definition”) is overly broad and covers many semi-automatic rifles used for hunting or defence against predators in Nunavut.

Inuit have treaty rights to hunt under the Nunavut Agreement. Hunting is an integral part of our culture, tradition and identity, which is also true for other Indigenous people with treaty rights to hunt. Further, hunting is a necessity for survival for Inuit in Nunavut. In isolated Nunavut communities that are only connected to the south by air, store bought food is extremely expensive and tends to have poor nutrition. Hunting puts nutritious food on the table and is the essential means to feed our families and to maintain basic food security in Nunavut communities.

In addition, the hunting environment in Nunavut is unique and isolated from search and rescue services other Canadians access. Semi-automatic rifles are effective and necessary as a humane method to quickly dispatch animals and as defence against polar bears, grizzly bears,

2 and wolves. It could mean life or death when one or more aggressive bears are breaking into your cabin or tent. A hunter would need to scare them away quickly, and does not always have time to reload. If this Bill is passed with the ban on semi-automatic firearms, it may result in increased human fatalities if we are not able to dispatch a bear quickly, or increased fatalities of wildlife as we will likely have to shoot to kill to avoid bodily harm to human or damage to property. Therefore, Indigenous people are in a different situation than non-indigenous users when it comes to use of firearms.

A broad ban of many hunting rifles with such negative impacts on our ability to exercise our treaty rights, and on our ability to feed and protect their families, is very concerning to us. A separate regime for Indigenous people, through an exemption or other means,would unlikely to be effective based on previous experience. For example, in the recent case of European Union ban on seal products, the ban destroyed the overall market for seal products and the Indigenous exemption became meaningless without a viable market.

In this case, we believe once a broad ban is in place, firearms dealers would have no incentive to carry the banned firearms and it would be difficult or impossible for Indigenous people to purchase these firearms or their parts even though they are legally permitted to do so. What kind of amendments to the Bill NTI would like to see NTI believes that the Definition of the assault-style firearms is overly broad and would like to see deletion of the Definition from the Bill.

We believe it is a reasonable solution to solve the concerns of Indigenous people given that the deletion of the Definition would not affect the government’s initial objectives or the integrity of the Bill.

In addition, as I stated during my presentation, we also have concerns with the Chief Firearms Officer of Nunavut being based outside Nunavut and whether an out-of-territory Chief Firearms Officer would have a sufficient understanding of Nunavut and would be able to deal with requests from Nunavut in a timely manner, given the Bill provides new authority to the Chief Firearms Officer and some of the key provisions of the Bill is premised on the Chief Firearms Officer exercising the new authority in an effective and timely manner (e.g., the authority to issue temporary license under

Section 70.3 of the Bill) Insufficient Consultation In addition to the above, NTI does not believe there has been sufficient consultation on the Bill. We would like to see more consultation of the impacts of the Bill before it becomes law. Should you have any additional questions or need additional information, please don’t hesitate to contact me. Sincerely, Paul Irngaut Vice-President Cc: Kilikvak Kabloona, Chief Executive Officer, Nunavut Tunngavik Inc.

ᖃᕋᓴᐅᔭᒃᑯᑦ (secd@sen.parl.gc.ca & catlin.seibel-kamel@sen.parl.gc.ca) ᓄᕖᕝᕙ 22, 2023 ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᖑᑲᐃᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᕐᔪᐊᖑᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑦᑎᔩᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᖏᑦ ᑲᓇᑕ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᐅᓯᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓂᖓ, ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᓇᑕᖅᑐᓕᕆᔩᑦ ᐆᒧᖓ: ᑲᑦᓕᓐ ᓴᐃᕕᐅᓪ−ᑲᒥᐅᓪ, ᐱᖁᔭᓕᐅᖅᑏᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑎᖓ ᐱᖁᔭᕐᔪᐊᖑᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑦᑎᔩᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ (ᐃᑦᑐᒃᑯᕕᒃ) ᐋᑐᕚ, ᐋᓐᑎᐅᕆᔪ ᓂᕈᐊᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᒃᓯᕙᐅᑕᖅ, ᐃᒃᓯᕙᐅᑕᐅᑉ ᑐᖏᓕᐊ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕋᓛᕐᓄᑦ: ᐱᔾᔪᑎᓕᒃ: ᐱᖁᔭᒃᓴᖅ C-21, ᐱᖁᔭᖅ ᐊᓯᔾᔨᖅᑕᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᕐᒦᑦᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ ᐊᓯᔾᔩᔪᖃᕋᔭᕐᓗᓂ ᓇᓕᐊᓪᓚᑦᑖᓂᒃ (ᖁᑭᐅᑎᓄᑦ) ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᖅᑐᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᒃ ᑎᒥᖓ, ᖁᔭᓐᓇᒦᕈᒪᕙᑦᑎᒋᑦ ᐱᕕᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᕐᓂᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕐᓗᖓ ᐃᓕᔅᓯ ᓵᖓᓂ ᓄᕖᕝᕙ 8, 2023−ᖑᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐱᖁᔭᒃᓴᖅ C-21. ᑎᑎᕋᕐᕕᒋᕙᑦᑎᒋᑦ ᑭᐅᔾᔪᑎᖃᒃᑲᓐᓂᖅᑐᖓ ᒪᕐᕉᓐᓄᒃ ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒋᒃ ᐱᔾᔪᑏᓐᓄᒃ ᑲᒪᒋᓂᐊᕐᓂᕋᖅᓯᒪᔭᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᐱᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᔪᒃᑯᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᓕᕐᒪᖔᔅᓯ ᖃᐅᔨᒋᐊᕐᕕᖃᖁᔭᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᖓ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᐱᔾᔪᑏᒃ ᐅᑯᐊᖑᕘᒃ: (1) ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᒃ ᑎᒥᖓ ᑕᑯᔪᒪᒐᔭᕐᒪᖔᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓛᒃᑰᖓᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᒥᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐊᕕᑦᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᖏᖕᓄᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ (2) ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᒃ ᑎᒥᖓ ᑕᑯᔪᒪᖓᔭᕐᒪᖔᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᖁᔭᒃᓴᒧᑦ. ᓇᐃᓈᖅᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᒃᑲᓐᓂᕐᓗᒍ, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᒃ ᑎᒥᖓ ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᐃᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᓄᖏᖕᓂ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓ. ᐱᓇᓱᐊᒐᕗᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖅᑎᒍᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓇᑦᑎᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓗᑕ ᐱᖁᔭᕐᔪᐊᖅᑎᒍᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥᐅᑦ ᐃᓄᖏᑦᑕ ᐃᑉᐱᒋᔭᐅᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᐊᕋᓗᐊᕐᒪᖔᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᕆᐊᓕᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᐊᖏᕈᑎ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᒪᓕᒃᑲᓗᐊᕐᒪᖔᕐᒥᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᑦᑎᐊᓲᖑᕗᒍᑦ. ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᒃ ᑎᒥᖓ ᑕᑯᔪᒪᒐᓗᐊᕈᓂ ᐃᓛᒃᑰᖓᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᐅᒐᔭᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᑉ ᐊᕕᑦᑐᖅᓯᒪᓂᖏᖕᓄᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᖏᖕᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᖅᓯᒪᓪᓗᖓ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᓐᓂᒃ, ᓱᓇᒃᑯᑖᓄᑦ ᑐᑭᖓ “ᐋᓐᓂᖅᑎᒍᑎᐅᔪᖅ” ᖁᑭᐅᑏᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᒃᓴᒥ (“ᑐᑭᖓ”) ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓅᖓᓗᐊᖅᑐᐊᓘᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖃᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ ᖁᑭᕆᐊᖅᓴᕋᐃᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᖁᑭᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓲᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᓐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᑦᑎᒍᑎᐅᓲᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑐᖁᑦᑎᓲᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᑖᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕐᒪᑕ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒍᓐᓇᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᖓ. ᐊᖑᓇᓱᓐᓂᖅ ᐱᓪᓚᑦᑖᖑᖕᒪᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ, ᐱᖅᑯᓯᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑭᓇᐅᓂᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ, ᓱᓕᔫᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᓯᖏᖕᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᖏᖕᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᑖᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒍᓐᓇᕐᓗᑎᑦ. ᐊᒻᒪᓗᒃᑲᓐᓂᖅ, ᐊᖑᓇᓱᓐᓂᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᓪᓚᕆᓲᖑᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᓐᓇᐅᒪᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ. ᐅᖓᓯᑦᑐᒡᒍᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᑲᓱᕐᕕᐅᔪᓐᓇᓲᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᖃᖓᑕᓲᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᑉ ᓂᒋᐊᓄᑦ, ᓂᐅᕕᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᓂᖀᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᖑᓲᑦ ᐊᑭᑐᔪᒻᒪᕆᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᕿᑦᑎᐊᕙᐅᔪᓐᓇᖃᑦᑕᕋᑎᑦ. ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅ ᓂᕿᑦᑎᐊᕙᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᓐᓇᓲᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᓪᓚᕆᓲᖅ ᓂᕆᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᖃᑕᙳᑎᕗᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᕿᖃᑦᑎᐊᒐᓚᒃᑎᑦᑎᔾᔪᑕᐅᓗᐊᓲᖑᓪᓗᓂ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖏᓐᓂ.

2 ᖄᖓᒍᒃᑲᓐᓂᖅ, ᐊᖑᓇᓱᕝᕕᐅᕙᑦᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᙱᑦᑑᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓛᒃᑰᖓᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᖓᓯᑦᑑᓐᓪᓗᓂ ᕿᓂᖅᑎᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᐸᖅᓴᐃᔨᒃᑯᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐱᔨᑦᑎᕋᕈᑕᐅᓗᓂ ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᑦ ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓇᓲᖏᖕᓄᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒋᙱᑦᑐᓂᐅᒃ. ᖁᑭᕆᐊᖅᓴᕋᐃᓲᑦ ᖁᑭᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖃᑦᑎᐊᓲᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑦᑑᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᑎᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᖁᑭᖅᓯᑲᐅᑎᒋᔾᔪᑕᐅᓗᑎᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᕐᓂᐊᕋᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᑦᑎᒍᑕᐅᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᓇᓄᕐᓄᑦ, ᐊᒃᖤᓄᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒪᕈᕐᓄᑦ. ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᑎᐅᔪᖅ ᕿᒫᑎᑦᑎᔭᕆᐊᖃᕋᔭᕐᒪᑦ ᐊᑐᕐᓗᓂ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑐᖁᑦᑎᓇᓱᐊᑲᐅᑎᒋᓲᓂᑦ ᓇᓄᕐᓂᑦ ᐃᒡᓗᕋᓛᕐᓅᕋᓱᐊᓲᓂᑦ ᑐᐱᕐᒧᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ. ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᑎᐅᔪᖅ ᕿᒫᑎᑦᑎᑲᐅᑎᒋᔭᕆᐊᓕᒃ ᓱᑲᑦᑐᒃᑯᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᕕᖃᒃᓴᐃᓐᓇᖅᐸᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᓴᒃᑯᓕᖅᓱᐃᒃᑲᓐᓂᕋᓱᐊᕐᓗᓂ. ᐱᖁᔭᒃᓴᖅ ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑕᐅᑉᐸᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ ᖁᑭᕆᐊᖅᓴᕋᐃᑦᑐᑦ ᖁᑭᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᖃᕈᓐᓃᕐᓗᑎᑦ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑐᖁᓂᖅᓴᐅᖃᑦᑕᕈᓐᓇᕋᔭᖅᑐᑦ ᓇᓄᕐᓂᑦ ᕿᒫᑎᑦᑎᑲᐅᑎᒋᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᙱᒃᑯᑦᑕ, ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑐᖁᓂᖅᓴᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᖁᑭᕆᐊᕆᐊᖃᕋᔭᖅᑐᒃᓴᐅᒐᑦᑕ ᑐᖁᑦᑎᖔᕋᓱᐊᕐᓗᑕ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓱᑕᐃᖅᑕᐅᖁᓇᒋᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᖁᑏᑦ ᓱᕋᑎᖅᑕᐅᖁᓇᒋᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᐅᙱᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᕐᒪᑕ ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑦ ᖁᑭᐅᓯᔭᓲᑦ ᓴᓂᐊᓂ. ᐊᖏᓗᐊᖅᑐᐊᓗᒻᒨᖓᑎᑕᐅᓂᖓ ᐊᑐᕆᐊᖃᙱᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᒥᓱᓂᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᓪᓗᓂ ᖁᑭᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᐱᐅᙱᑦᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᑦᑐᐃᓂᖃᕋᔭᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᑖᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑦᑎᓐᓂ ᐊᑐᕋᓱᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᑕ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓂᕿᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᒍᓐᓇᕐᓂᕗᑦ ᓴᐳᒻᒥᓗᒋᓪᓗ ᐃᓚᒌᑦ, ᐅᕙᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓘᑎᒋᔭᐅᓪᓚᕆᒻᒪᑦ. ᐃᓛᒃᑰᖓᔪᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑎᑦᑎᔪᖅ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ, ᐊᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖃᖃᑦᑕᙱᓪᓗᑎᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᓯᐊᑎᒍᑦ, ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖃᑦᑎᐊᕋᔭᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᐊᑐᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑯᒥᓂᖅᐳᑦ. ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᑕᕆᐅᑉ ᐊᑭᐊᓂ ᓄᓇᓕᕐᔪᐊᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᔨᖏᑦ ᓇᑦᑎᕐᓃᙶᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐱᖃᑦᑕᕈᒪᒍᓐᓃᖅᑐᑎᑦ, ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓱᕋᐃᑦᑎᐊᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᖑᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖏᖕᓂᑦ ᓇᑦᑎᕐᓃᙶᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᓅᖓᙱᓐᓂᕋᖅᑕᐅᒐᓗᐊᕐᓂᖓ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᙱᑦᑎᐊᓕᖅᑐᓂ ᒪᑭᒪᔪᓐᓇᐃᓪᓕᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᒃᓴᖃᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅ. ᑕᕝᕙᓂᓕ, ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓱᒃᑲᑦᑕ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓅᖓᔪᖅ ᖁᑭᐅᑎᖃᕆᐊᖃᕈᓐᓃᕐᓂᖅ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᑕᐅᒍᓂ, ᖁᑭᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᒃᓴᖃᓲᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᒐᖃᕋᔭᙱᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᐊᒃᓴᖃᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᑐᕆᐊᖃᙱᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᖁᑭᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᒃᓱᕈᕐᓇᕋᔭᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᔪᕐᓇᓕᕐᓗᓂ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᖏᖕᓄᑦ ᓂᐅᕕᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓂᖓ ᖁᑭᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓚᒃᓴᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᖁᔭᖅᑎᒍᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕋᓗᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ. ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕈᑏᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑑᓂᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᒃ ᑎᒥᖓᑕ ᑕᑯᔪᒪᒐᔭᖅᑕᖏᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᒃᓴᕐᒧᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᒃ ᑎᒥᖓ ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓱᑦᑐᑦ ᑐᑭᖓ ᐋᓐᓂᖅᓯᒍᑏᑦ ᖁᑭᐅᑏᑦ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓅᖓᓗᐊᖅᑐᐊᓘᒻᒪᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐲᖅᑕᐅᖁᔨᔪᑦ ᑐᑭᖓᓂᒃ ᐱᖁᔭᒃᓴᒥᒃ. ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓱᒃᑲᑦᑕ ᐊᑐᕋᒃᓴᐅᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᓂ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐋᖅᑭᒍᑎᐅᒐᔭᕐᒪᑦ ᐃᓱᒫᓘᑎᒋᔭᐅᓂᖏᖕᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐲᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓ ᑐᑭᖓᑕ ᐊᑦᑐᐃᓂᖃᕋᔭᙱᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᒐᕆᒋᐊᙵᖅᓯᒪᔭᖏᖕᓄᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᑑᑕᐅᑦᑎᐊᕋᓱᐊᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᒃᓴᑉ. ᖄᖓᒍᒃᑲᓐᓂᖅ, ᐅᖃᖅᓯᒪᒐᒪ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓐᓂᒃ, ᐃᓱᒫᓘᑎᖃᕆᕗᒍᑦ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖅ ᖁᑭᐅᓯᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᓄᓇᕗᑉ ᓯᓚᑖᓃᑦᑑᓂᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᓯᓚᑖᓃᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖅ ᖁᑭᐅᓯᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᑦᑐᒥᒃ ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᓂᖃᕋᔭᕋᓗᐊᕐᒪᖔᕐᒥᒃ ᓄᓇᕗᑉ ᒥᒃᓵᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑲᒪᒍᓐᓇᕋᔭᕐᒪᖔᖅ ᑐᒃᓯᕋᐅᑎᓂᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒦᙶᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᑭᖑᕙᙱᓪᓗᓂ, ᐱᖁᔭᒃᓴᖅ ᓄᑖᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᖅᑎᑦᑎᓂᖃᕋᔭᕐᒪᑦ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᕐᒧᑦ ᖁᑭᐅᓯᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓄᑖᕐᒥᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᒥᓂᒃ ᑲᒪᖃᑦᑕᓕᕋᔭᖅᑐᒥᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖃᑦᑎᐊᖅᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᑭᖑᕙᙱᓪᓗᓂᓗ (ᐆᑦᑑᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕐᓗᓂ ᓴᒃᑯᐃᓗᓂ ᓚᐃᓴᓐᓯᐅᑲᐃᓐᓇᕋᔭᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᑐᒍ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᓂᖓᑕ ᐃᓚᖓ 70.3 ᐱᖁᔭᕐᒥ). ᓈᒻᒪᙱᑦᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᑐᓴᕆᐊᕐᕕᖃᕐᓂᖅ ᖄᖓᒍᒃᑲᓐᓂᖅ ᖁᓛᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦᑕ, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᒃ ᑎᒥᖓ ᐅᑉᐱᕈᓱᙱᑦᑐᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᑦᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᑐᓴᕆᐊᕐᕕᖃᖅᑐᖃᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᒋᐊᒃᓴᖓᓂᒃ ᐱᖁᔭᒃᓴᕐᒧᑦ. ᑕᑯᓂᖅᓴᐅᔪᒪᒐᓗᐊᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᑐᓴᕆᐊᕐᕕᖃᒃᑲᓐᓂᖅᑐᓂᑦ ᐊᑦᑐᐃᓂᖃᕋᔭᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᒃᓴᑉ ᐱᖁᔭᕈᓚᐅᙱᓐᓂᖓᓂᒃ. ᐊᐱᖅᑯᑎᒃᓴᖃᒃᑲᓐᓂᕐᓂᕈᕕᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᒃᑲᓐᓂᕈᒪᓐᓂᕈᕕᑦ, ᖃᐅᔨᒃᑲᑲᐅᑎᒋᒐᔭᖅᐸᙵ. ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑐᖅ, ᐹᓪ ᐃᕐᖓᐅᑦ ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᑉ ᑐᖏᓕᐊ ᐊᔾᔨᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᔪ: ᑭᓕᒃᕙᒃ ᖃᑉᓗᓈᖅ, ᐊᖓᔪᖅᑳᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᒻᒪᕆᒃ, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᒃ ᑎᒥᖓ