TRANSPORT CANADA APPEARANCE AT THE STANDING SENATE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS 1 #1 Request from Committee: Senator Quinn: It’s really the interaction that Transport does with so many stakeholders and whatnot. Is there a stakeholder or an administration, province or a city, is there a particular element that stands out for you that you could say this is an entity that this committee should talk to that would help inform us in terms of what is seen as a best practice? Ms. Nichols: I think, Mr.

Chair, there are many best practices and exemplary partners out there, so it would be hard to single out just one, but I think we would be happy to perhaps provide you with a list following the committee meeting, if that list would be of interest to the committee. Response There are various tools and methodologies for assessing climate risk.

While TC does not endorse any particular method, we are aware of the following organizations with experience with climate risk assessment: • Climate Risk Institute and the Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction (ICLR) currently house the Public Infrastructure Engineering Vulnerability (PIEVC) Protocol. The PIEVC is a tool that is used to conduct an engineering assessment of the vulnerability of Canada's public infrastructure to the impacts of climate change.

Through the Transportation Assets Risk Assessment (TARA) Program, the following transportation owners and operators have experience conducting a climate risk assessment and incorporating its findings into their asset management practices: • Vancouver Fraser Port Authority: received funding in 2019 for multiple projects, including to develop specific infrastructure risk assessment criteria and methodology for assessment of risks related to climate change and to perform coastal flood hazard and risk assessment for its assets along the Fraser River. o For more information, please refer to this news release o Main contacts: Sean Smith Sean.Smith@portvancouver.com, Mo Mofrad mo.mofrad@portvancouver.com, Willy Yung willy.yung@portvancouver.com • Calgary Airport Authority: received funding in 2018 to develop a screening level risk assessment that identifies climate change-related vulnerabilities on critical assets and operations at Calgary International (YYC) Airport and Springbank Airport (YBW). o For more information, please refer to this news release o Main contacts: Harris Switzman HarrisS@yyc.com, Megan Roche meganr@yyc.com Through the Northern Transportation Adaptation Initiative (NTAI), which sunset in March 2021, Transport Canada had established a network of experts including each level of government

TRANSPORT CANADA APPEARANCE AT THE STANDING SENATE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS 2 (federal, provincial and territorial), academia, industry and Indigenous groups.

The following individuals have extensive knowledge of transportation adaptation in Northern Canada: • Christopher Burn, Carleton University (christopher_burn@carleton.ca or christopherburn@cunet.carleton.ca) – Supervisor, Graduate Programs in Northern Studies • Paul Murchison, Yukon Government (Paul.Murchison@gov.yk.ca) – Executive Director, Transportation Division, Highways and Public Works • Guy Doré, Université Laval (Guy.Dore@gci.ulaval.ca) – Professor (Retired), Civil Engineering • Steve Kokelj, Northwest Territories Geological Survey (Steve_Kokelj@gov.nt.ca) – Permafrost Scientist • Jackie Dawson, UOttawa (Jackie.Dawson@uottawa.ca) – Professor and holder of Canada Research Chair in Environment, Society and Policy.

Co-scientific Director for ArcticNet. • Richard Dewey, University of Victoria (rdewey@uvic.ca) – Adjunct Professor, UVic, and Associate Director, Science for Ocean Networks Canada • Trevor Bell, SmartICE (tbell@smartice.org) – Founder/Director, SmartICE Through the National Trade Corridors Fund , the following transportation owners and operators have experience integrating climate change adaptation into infrastructure projects. • Chignecto Isthmus Study: In 2018, Transport Canada announced an investment of $350,000 for a study to explore viable options to climate change impacts on the Chignecto Isthmus Trade Corridor between New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.

One of the impacts assessed is rising sea levels and storm surges, which poses a risk to the critical infrastructure within the Isthmus, including the Trans-Canada Highway, Canadian National rail line, electricity transmission lines and agricultural dikes. o For more information, please refer to this news release o The project lead is Mike Pauley, Project Manager, Special Projects Development (Branch), Transportation and Infrastructure, Government of New Brunswick, phone: (506) 612-1141, e-mail: Mike.Pauley@gnb.ca For a Provincial Government perspective, please consider the following provinces, who are featured in the Climate Risks & Adaptation Practices For the Canadian Transportation Sector 2016 report: • BC Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure PIEVC assessments: the Government of British Columbia has also done a lot of work on technical planning/guidance to account for the impacts of a changing climate and extreme weather events. o Please refer to

section 4.2 on page 83 of the sector report, and in particular Table 5 (BC Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure vulnerability assessment) and Figure 11 (Location of BC Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure Climate Change Vulnerability Assessments).

TRANSPORT CANADA APPEARANCE AT THE STANDING SENATE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS 3 o Our main contact in the BC Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure is Jim Barnes, Engineering Branch, e-mail: Jim.Barnes@gov.bc.ca • Prince Edward Island: rebuilt the Souris bridge one metre higher, due to sea level rise projections” (Government of Prince Edward Island, 2015, p.236). From page 232: “Coastline erosion rates have been increasing in P.E.I.

The average rate of erosion grew from 28 cm per year between 1968 and 2010, to 40 cm per year between 2000 and 2010” (Webster, 2012). “Without taking into account rising sea levels and increasing storms associated with climate change, an assessment of coastal infrastructure in the province identified over 40 kilometres of roads at risk from coastal erosion by 2100” (Fenech, 2014 – already provided Dr.

Fenech’s contact info). o Main contact: Brian Thompson, Director of Transportation, Infrastructure and Energy, Environmental Management, Government of PEI, phone: (902) 368- 5185, e-mail: bfthompson@gov.pe.ca • Nova Scotia: rebuilt its 100-series highways further inland from their original coastal locations to provide safer and faster corridors; as a result, these highways are much less sensitive to coastal hazards” (Finck, 2013, p. 234-236).

The sector report also has a case study on Cow Bay Causeway, and some of the adaptation actions taken to mitigate the impacts of future sea-level and storm-surge conditions (pages 234 – 235). o Main contact: David Hubley (Manager, Project Planning and Design), e-mail: hubleyd@halifax.ca o We would also like to draw your attention to this

article regarding sea level rise in. Relevant contact: Shannon Miedema, Energy and Environment Program Manager, Halifax Regional Municipality, e-mail: miedems@halifax.ca Peter Bigelow, Senior Vice President, ,e-mail: peter.bigelow@developns.ca In early 2021, TC engaged with Federal, Provincial and Territorial stakeholders as part of a “State of Play” exercise on transportation adaptation led by WSP Global Inc. (an engineering consultancy).

The objective of the project was to gain a more complete understanding of adaptation initiatives in the transportation sector, including policies, practices, regulations/legislation, financial and fiscal measures, programs and strategies/plans relating to the transportation sector and led by federal departments, crown agencies, provincial and territorial governments.

The following groups participated in the study and could provide helpful insights: • The Tłı̨chǫ All-Season Road, or Highway 9, in the Northwest Territories: the Tłı̨chǫ Highway is a new highway that provides all-weather access from Highway 3 west of Yellowknife to the community of Whatì. The 97 km road opened to the public on November 30, 2021 (https://www.inf.gov.nt.ca/en/TlichoHighway ) It’s a unique P3 project, and climate risks and Indigenous rights are key elements.

TRANSPORT CANADA APPEARANCE AT THE STANDING SENATE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS 4 o Main Contacts: Terry Brookes, Manager, Infrastructure (Tery.Brookes@gov.nt.ca); Michele Culhane, A/Senior Climate Change Program Advisor (michele.culhane@gov.nt.ca) • QC Ministère de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques: developed permafrost vulnerability assessment framework for northern airports, to install temperature monitoring devices to monitor the condition of runways in real-time, which has been adopted by territories. o Main contacts: Catherine Gauthier catherine.gauthier@environnement.gouv.qc.ca, Donald Leblanc donald.leblanc@transports.gouv.qc.ca #2 Request from Committee: Senator Klyne: Welcome to our guests.

I want to focus on the 56th parallel and north and the degrading condition of transportation north of the 56th parallel. And in that regard, I want to discuss the crucial role that plays. I understand that just immediately north of the 56th parallel the highway system and road network would still be relatively robust, but the further north you go, that transportation’s infrastructure characteristics worsen and are degrading and almost non-existent as far as roads go, particularly in Nunavut where communities are more dependent on air and marine transportation for supplies and travel.

However, throughout that whole region north of the 56th parallel, pick-ups, air and marine transportation north of the 56th still remain a critical method of transporting supplies, medicine and people to rural remote regions. I have to think that the transportation issues north of the 56 are concerned and viewed as comparatively a gap widening when you look south of the 56.

In terms of the importance of that infrastructure, in terms of moving people and goods and creating economic opportunities across the vast region, not to mention it’s the source for getting to professional appointments and the medicines and so on and so forth, what are we doing to ensure that it doesn’t degrade further and the gap doesn’t widen further between north and south? That’s one question in terms of a Canadian is a Canadian even north of 56 and should enjoy the same infrastructure as in the south.

In terms of making sure that gap doesn’t close, the other question I have to ask is this: Is it in your purview to concern yourselves with charging stations as the pickups go from diesel to electric? (…)

TRANSPORT CANADA APPEARANCE AT THE STANDING SENATE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS 5 Paul Sandhar-Cruz, Director General, Strategic Policy, Transport Canada: Thank you. To supplement what Megan was saying, as part of the government work on the Arctic Transportation Policy Framework, we’re looking at transportation-specific policy, recognizing the impacts of climate change on the North. We’ve dedicated a large portion of the National Trade Corridors Fund for projects in the North, earmarking over $1 billion.

Through the targeted calls for proposals, we have already initiated a number of projects to help with the resiliency of particular infrastructure, and we would be happy to share specific examples with the committee if you would like, emphasizing the point that we know there are particular challenges with permafrost, tundra, runways and keeping supply chains and critical supplies going. That’s why we’re looking at a targeted strategy for the North on transportation, coupled with real investments under the National Trade Corridors Fund.

Response No, Transport Canada is not responsible for the deployment of charging stations. Zero-emission vehicle (ZEV) infrastructure is under the purview of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). To date, NRCan has received over $460 million to deliver programming that supports the development of ZEV and alternative fuel infrastructure through two programs: The Electric Vehicle and Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Program and the Electric Vehicle and Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Deployment Initiative.

List of projects funded by the National Trade Corridors Fund (NTCF) in northern Canada Since the launch of the program in 2017, Transport Canada has managed two calls for proposals targeting projects in Arctic and Northern regions, that would: • address the transportation needs of Arctic and northern communities, including the safety of transportation, and supporting economic development. • make the Arctic and northern transportation system more resilient to a changing climate, more sustainable, and more adaptable to new technologies and innovations. • support Canadian trade by creating new linkages, increasing transportation capacity, and reducing bottlenecks in the system. • leverage investments from multiple partners to make federal investments go farther.

To date, the NTCF has funded 31 projects, representing a federal contribution of $675 million and leveraging total investments of $938 million. Of this total, 11 projects have yet to be announced representing federal funding of $38.7 million. Please find the list of projects approved to date:

TRANSPORT CANADA APPEARANCE AT THE STANDING SENATE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS 6 Applicant Organization Project Title Location Total Project Cost ($) Total Federal Contribution ($) 1 Government of Nunavut Replacement Air Terminal Buildings NU $ 46,400,000 $ 34,771,950 2 Government of Northwest Territories Preliminary Steps for the Mackenzie Valley Highway NT $ 141,250,000 $ 102,500,000 3 First Air Operations Operational Base Upgrade Project NU $ 18,465,000 $ 12,783,750 4 Gov. of Yukon (Highways and Public Works) ITS Strategy YT $ 9,294,255 $ 6,970,691 5 Kitikmeot Inuit Association Grays Bay Road and Port Project: Phase 1 NU $ 29,854,000 $ 21,565,500 6 Calm Air International LP Passenger Ramp Placement within Nunavut Airport Terminals NU $ 260,750 $ 195,563 7 NAV Canada Northern Aerodrome Procedure Deployment North $ 24,200,000 $ 7,400,000 8 University of Toronto A Tool to Optimize the Effectiveness of the Winter Road Network in the Candian North North $ 1,356,574 $ 828,300 9 National Research Council Canada CASRAS: A Tool for the NWT Marine Trade Corridor Efficiency, Reliability and Safety NT $ 1,650,000 $ 900,000 10 Government of Northwest Territories Slave Geological Province Corridor NT $ 40,000,000 $ 30,000,000

TRANSPORT CANADA APPEARANCE AT THE STANDING SENATE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS 7 Applicant Organization Project Title Location Total Project Cost ($) Total Federal Contribution ($) 11 Government of Nunavut Rankin Inlet Airport Terminal Building Expansion NU $ 60,660,000 $ 45,495,000 12 Government of Nunavut Kivaliq Trade Corridor NU $ 6,000,000 $ 4,500,000 13 Government of Yukon North Klondike Reconstruction YT $ 157,616,571 $ 118,212,428 14 Royal Military College of Canada Climate Change Study of Transportation Infrastructure Along the Inuvik- Tuktoyaktuk Highway NT $ 3,456,000 $ 2,424,000 15 Royal Military College of Canada Studying the Impact of Climate Driven Geohazards on Transportation Corridors in Canada's Territorial North NT $ 3,258,000 $ 2,318,000 16 Government of Yukon North Klondike Highway Corridor strategic Upgrades - Phase 2 YT $ 180,000,000 $ 135,000,000 17 Nunatsiavut Government Feasibility Studies for Airport Relocation NL $ 7,220,000 $ 3,450,000 18 Government of the Northwest Territories Dehk'e' Frank Channel Bridge Replacement NT $ 50,000,000 $ 37,500,000 19 Government of Nunavut Project to Establish a Deep-Water Port in Hamlet of Qikiqtarjuaq NU $ 53,500,000 $ 40,000,000 20 Department of Economic Development Mobile Equipment Shelters and Cargo NU $ 40,000,000 $ 30,000,000

TRANSPORT CANADA APPEARANCE AT THE STANDING SENATE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS 8 Applicant Organization Project Title Location Total Project Cost ($) Total Federal Contribution ($) and Transportation (Gov't Nunavut) Facilties for Seven Nunavut Airports 21 Air Inuit Ltd. Upgrade of an essential cargo distribution facility and aircraft hangar in Kuujjuaq QC $ 29,300,000 $ 14,500,000 22 Air Inuit Ltd.

Upgrade of an essential cargo distribution facility and aircraft hangar in Puvirnituq QC $ 6,095,000 $ 3,047,500 23 C-CORE Northern Transporation Infrastructure Exploitation of Remote Sensing (NTIERS) NORTH $ 2,822,100 $ 1,917,100 24 Nayumivik Landholding Corporation Studies for Deep- Water Wharf at Ungava Bay QC $ 725,000 $ 362,500 25 Ministère des Transports du Québec Installation de systèmes automatiques d'observation des conditions météorologiques (AWOS) dans 10 aéroports.

QC $ 15,978,351 $ 5,662,900 26 The Governors of the University of Calgary PermaRail: A Transdisciplinary Approach to Increasing Railway Resilience to MB $ 9,000,000 $ 4,426,000

TRANSPORT CANADA APPEARANCE AT THE STANDING SENATE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS 9 Applicant Organization Project Title Location Total Project Cost ($) Total Federal Contribution ($) Permafrost Terrain Changes 27 Department of Transportation and Infrastructure (Gov't of NL) Road into Northern Labrador Pre- Feasibility Study NL $ 425,000 $ 200,000 28 BGC Engineering Inc.

Geo-asset and geohazard data management system to improve transportation safety and preserve infrastructure NT $ 6,924,000 $ 3,480,500 29 Canadian Arctic Innovation Association Cargo airship study - northern Canada NORTH $ 175,000 $ 131,250 30 Yukon University Enhancing Yukon Trade Corridor Resilience to Northern Geohazards YT $ 4,926,037 $ 3,381,376 31 University of Alberta Airborne Electromagnetic mapping of permafrost, ground hazards and aggregate resources NT $ 3,301,540 $ 1,629,940 TOTAL $ 938,013,178 $ 675,554,248