Bill 25 — First Session, 21St Legislature, 35 Elizabeth Ii the Legislative Assembly of Alberta Bill 25 International Child Abduction Act the Attorney General (Legislature 21, Session 1)

L21 S1 3211

Alberta — Bills

1986 BILL 25 First Session, 21st Legislature, 35 Elizabeth II THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ALBERTA BILL 25 INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION ACT THE ATTORNEY GENERAL First Reading Second Reading Committee of the Whole Third Reading Royal Assent

Bill 25 BILL 25 1986 INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION ACT (Assented to , 1986) Table of Contents Definition Convention in force in Province Exception from Convention Central Authority Care and maintenance Contracting States This Act prevails Coming into force

Schedule Definition HER MAJESTY, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, enacts as foUows: 1 In this Act, "Convention" means the Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction set out in the Schedule. Convention in 2 The Convontiou, except as provided in

section 3, applies in the force in Province provinCC. Exception from Convention 3 The Crown in right of Alberta is not bound to assume any costs resulting under the Convention from the participation of legal coun sel or advisers or from court proceedings except in accordance with the legal aid plan established under the Legal Profession Act. Central Authority 4 The Attorticy General or his designate shall be the Central Au thority for the Province for the purpose of the Convention. Care and maintenance Contracting States 5 Where the Central Authority takes charge of a child who has been wrongfully removed or retained in accordance with

Article 3 of the Convention, a director designated under the Child Welfare Act may provide for the care and maintenance of the child. 6(1) In any proceeding, a certificate issued by or under the authority of the Secretary of State for External Affairs of Canada containing a statement that a foreign state is a Contracting State is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, proof of the truth of the statement with out proof of the signature or official character of the person who issued or certified it. 1

(2) The Attorney General shall publish in The Alberta Gazette the names of the Contracting States to the Convention. This Act prevails 7 If there is a conflict between this Act and any enactment, this Act prevails. Coming 8 This Act comes into force on Proclamation. into force

SCHEDULE CONVENTION ON THE CIVIL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL CHILD ABDUCTION The States signatory to the present Convention. Firmly convinced that the interests of children are of paramount importance in matters relating to their custody. Desiring to protect children internationally from the harmful effects of their wrongful removal or retention and to establish procedures to ensure their prompt retum to the State of their habitual residence, as well as to secure protection for rights of access. Have resolved to conclude a Convention to this effect, and have agreed upon the following provisions —

CHAPTER I — SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION

Article 1 The objects of the present Convention are — a to secure the prompt retum of children wrongfully removed to or retained in any Contracting State; and b to ensure that rights of custody and of access under the law of one Contracting State are effectively respected in the other Contracting States.

Article 2 Contracting States shall take all appropriate measures to secure within their territories the implementation of the objects of the Convention. For this purpose they shall use the most expeditious procedures available.

Article 3 The removal or the retention of a child is to be considered wrongful where — a it is in breach of rights of custody attributed to a person, an insti tution or any other body, either jointly or alone, under the law of the State in which the child was habitually resident immediately before the removal or retention; and b at the time of removal or retention those rights were actually ex ercised, either jointly or alone, or would have been so exercised but for the removal or retention.

The rights of custody mentioned in sub-paragraph a above, may arise in particular by operation of law or by reason of a judicial or admin istrative decision, or by reason of an agreement having legal effect under the law of that State.

Article 4 The Convention shall apply to any child who was habitually resident in a Contracting State immediately before any breach of custody or

access rights. The Convention shall cease to apply when the child attains the age of 16 years.

Article 5 For the purposes of this Convention — a 'rights of custody' shall include rights relating to the care of the person of the child and, in particular, the right to determine the child's place of residence; b 'rights of access' shall include the right to take a child for a limited period of time to a place other than the child's habitual residence.

CHAPTER II — CENTRAL AUTHORITIES

Article 6 A Contracting State shall designate a Central Authority to discharge the duties which are imposed by the Convention upon such author ities. Federal States, States with more than one system of law or States having autonomous territorial organizations shall be free to appoint more than one Central Authority and to specify the territorial extent of their powers. Where a State has appointed more than one Central Authority, it shall designate the Central Authority to which applica tions may be addressed for transmission to the appropriate Central Authority within that State.

Article 7 Central Authorities shall co-operate with each other and promote co operation amongst the competent authorities in their respective States to secure the prompt retum of children and to achieve the other objects of this Convention.

In particular, either directly or through any intermediary, they shall take all appropriate measures — a to discover the whereabouts of a child who has been wrongfully removed or retained; b to prevent further harm to the child or prejudice interested parties by taking or causing to be taken provisional measures; c to secure the voluntary retum of the child or to bring about an amicable resolution of the issues; d to exchange, where desirable, information relating to the social background of the child; e to provide information of a general character as to the law of their State in connection with the application of the Convention; / to initiate or facilitate the institution of judicial or administrative proceedings with a view to obtaining the retum of the child and, in a proper case, to make arrangements for organizing or securing the effective exercise of rights of access;

g where the circumstances so require, to provide or facilitate the provision of legal aid and advice, including the participation of legal counsel and advisers; h to provide such administrative arrangements as may be necessary and appropriate to secure the safe retum of the child; / to keep each other informed with respect to the operation of this Convention and, as far as possible, to ehminate any obstacles to its application.

CHAPTER III — RETURN OF CHILDREN

Article 8 Any person, institution or other body claiming that a child has been removed or retained in breach of custody rights may apply either to the Central Authority of the child's habitual residence or to the Cen tral Authority of any other Contracting State for assistance in secur ing the retum of the child.

The Application shall contain — a information conceming the identity of the applicant, of the child and of the person alleged to have removed or retained the child; b where available, the date of birth of the child; c the grounds on which the applicant's claim for retum of the child is based; d all available information relating to the whereabouts of the child and the identity of the person with whom the child is presumed to be.

The application may be accompanied or supplemented by — e an authenticated copy of any relevant decision or agreement; / a certificate or an affidavit emanating from a Central Authority, or other competent authority of the State of the child's habitual resi dence, or from a qualified person, conceming the relevant law of that State; g any other relevant document.

Article 9 If the Central Authority which receives an application referted to in

Article 8 has reason to believe that the child is in another Contracting State, it shall directly and without delay transmit the application to the Central Authority of that Contracting State and inform the re questing Central Authority, or the applicant, as the case may be.

Article 10 The Central Authority of the State where the child is shall take or cause to be taken all appropriate measures in order to obtain the voluntary return of the child.

Article 11 The judicial or administrative authorities of Contracting States shall act expeditiously in proceedings for the retum of children. If the judicial or administrative authority concerned has not reached a decision within six weeks from the date of commencement of the proceedings, the applicant or the Central Authority of the requested State, on its own initiative or if asked by the Central Authority of the requesting State, shall have the right to request a statement of the reasons for the delay.

If a reply is received by the Central Au thority of the requested State, that Authority shall transmit the reply to the Central Authority of the requesting State, or to the applicant, as the case may be.

Article 12 Where a child has been wrongfully removed or retained in terms of

Article 3 and, at the date of the commencement of the proceedings before the judicial or administrative authority of the Contracting State where the child is, a period of less than one year has elapsed from the date of the wrongful removal or retention, the authority concemed shall order the retum of the child forthwith. The judicial or administrative authority, even where the proceedings have been commenced after the expiration of the period of one year referred to in the preceding paragraph, shall also order the retum of the child, unless it is demonstrated that the child is now settled in its new environment.

Where the judicial or administrative authority in the requested State has reason to believe that the child has been taken to another State, it may stay the proceedings or dismiss the application for the retum of the child.

Article 13 Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Article, the judicial or administrative authority of the requested State is not bound to order the retum of the child if the person, institution or other body which opposes its retum establishes that - a the person, institution or other body having the care of the person of the child was not actually exercising the custody rights at the time of removal or retention, or had consented to or subsequently ac quiesced in the removal or retention; or b there is a grave risk that his or her retum would expose the child to physical or psychological harm or otherwise place the child in an intolerable situation.

The judicial or administrative authority may also refuse to order the retum of the child if it finds that the child objects to being returned and has attained an age and degree of maturity at which it is appro- Prtate to take account of its views. In considering the circumstances referred to in this Article, the ju dicial and administrative authorities shall take into account the in- tormation relating to the social background of the child provided by

the Central Authority or other competent authority of the child's habitual residence.

Article 14 In ascertaining whether there has been a wrongful removal or reten tion within the meaning of

Article 3, the judicial or administrative authorities of the requested State may take notice directly of the law of, and of judicial or administrative decisions, formally recognized or not in the State of the habitual residence of the child, without recourse to the specific procedures for the proof of that law or for the recognition of foreign decisions which would otherwise be appli cable.

Article 15 The judicial or administrative authorities of a Contracting State may, prior to the making of an order for the retum of the child, request that the applicant obtain from the authorities of the State of the habitual residence of the child a decision or other determination that the removal or retention was wrongful within the meaning of

Article 3 of the Convention, where such a decision or determination may be obtained in that State. The Central Authorities of the Contracting States shall so far as practicable assist applicants to obtain such a decision or determination.

Article 16 After receiving notice of a wrongful removal or retention of a child in the sense of

Article 3, the judicial or administrative authorities of the Contracting State to which the child has been removed or in which it has been retained shall not decide on the merits of rights of custody until it has been determined that the child is not to be re turned under this Convention or unless an application under this Convention is not lodged within a reasonable time following receipt of the notice.

Article 17 The sole fact that a decision relating to custody has been given in or is entitled to recognition in the requested State shall not be a ground for refusing to retum a child under this Convention, but the judicial or administrative authorities of the requested State may take account of the reasons for that decision in applying this Convention.

Article 18 The provisions of this

Chapter do not limit the power of a judicial or administrative authority to order the retum of the child at any time.

Article 19 A decision under this Convention conceming the retum of the child shall not be taken to be a determination on the merits of any custody issue.

Article 20 The retum of the child under the provisions of

Article 12 may be refused if this would not be permitted by the fundamental principles of the requested State relating to the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms.

CHAPTER IV — RIGHTS OF ACCESS

Article 21 An application to make artangements for organizing or securing the effective exercise of rights of access may be presented to the Central Authorities of the Contracting States in the same way as an applica tion for the retum of a child. The Central Authorities are bound by the obligations of co-operation which are set forth in

Article 7 to promote the peaceful enjoyment of access rights and the fulfilment of any conditions to which the exercise of those rights may be subject. The Central Authorities shall take steps to remove, as far as possible, all obstacles to the exercise of such rights. The Central Authorities, either directly or through intermediaries, may initiate or assist in the institution of proceedings with a view to organizing or protecting these rights and securing respect for the con ditions to which the exercise of these rights may be subject.

CHAPTER V — GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 22 No security, bond or deposit, however described, shall be required to guarantee the payment of costs and expenses in the judicial or administrative proceedings falling within the scope of this Conven tion.

Article 23 No legalization or similar formality may be required in the context of this Convention.

Article 24 Any application, communication or other document sent to the Cen tral Authority of the requested State shall be in the original language, and shall be accompanied by a translation into the official language or one of the official languages of the requested State or, where that is not feasible, a translation into French or English. However, a Contracting State may, by making a reservation in ac cordance with

Article 42, object to the use of either French or Eng lish, but not both, in any application, communication or other doc ument sent to its Central Authority.

Article 25 Nationals of the Contracting States and persons who are habitually resident within those States shall be entitled in matters concerned with the application of this Convention to legal aid and advice m

any other Contracting State on the same conditions as if they them selves were nationals of and habitually resident in that State.

Article 26 Each Central Authority shall bear its own costs in applying this Con vention. Central Authorities and other public services of Contracting States shall not impose any charges in relation to applications submitted under this Convention. In particular, they may not require any pay ment from the applicant towards the costs and expenses of the pro ceedings or, where applicable, those arising from the participation of legal counsel or advisers. However, they may require the payment of the expenses incurted or to be incurted in implementing the retum of the child. However, a Contracting State may, by making a reservation in ac cordance with

Article 42, declare that it shall not be bound to assume any costs referted to in the preceding paragraph resulting from the participation of legal counsel or advisers or from court proceedings, except insofar as those costs may be covered by its system of legal aid and advice.

Upon ordering the retum of a child or issuing an order conceming rights of access under this Convention, the judicial or administrative authorities may, where appropriate, direct the person who removed or retained the child, or who prevented the exercise of rights of ac cess, to pay necessary expenses incurred by or on behalf of the ap plicant, including travel expenses, any costs incurred or payments made for locating the child, the costs of legal representation of the applicant, and those of retuming the child.

Article 27 When it is manifest that the requirements of this Convention are not fulfilled or that the apphcation is otherwise not well founded, a Cen tral Authority is not bound to accept the application. In that case, the Central Authority shall forthwith inform the applicant or the Central Authority through which the application was submitted, as the case may be, of its reasons.

Article 28 A Central Authority may require that the application be accom panied by a written authorization empowering it to act on behalf of the applicant, or to designate a representative so to act.

Article 29 This Convention shall not preclude any person, institution or body who claims that there has been a breach of custody or access rights within the meaning of

Article 3 or 21 from applying directly to the judicial or administrative authorities of a Contracting State, whether or not under the provisions of this Convention.

Article 30 Any application submitted to the Central Authorities or directly to the judicial or administrative authorities of a Contracting State in

accordance with the terms of this Convention, together with docu ments and any other information appended thereto or provided by a Central Authority, shall be admissible in the courts or administrative authorities of the Contracting States.

Article 31 In relation to a State which in matters of custody of children has two or more systems of law applicable in different territorial units - a any reference to habitual residence in that State shall be construed as referring to habitual residence in a territorial unit of that State; b any reference to the law of the State of habitual residence shall be constmed as referring to the law of the territorial unit in that State where the child habitually resides.

Article 32 In relation to a State which in matters of custody of children has two or more systems of law applicable to different categories of persons, any reference to the law of that State shall be construed as referring to the legal system specified by the law of that State.

Article 33 A State within which different territorial units have their own rales of law in respect of custody of children shall not be bound to apply this Convention where a State with a unified system of law would not be bound to do so.

Article 34 This Convention shall take priority in matters within its scope over the Convention of 5 October 1961 concerning the powers of authorities and the law applicable in respect of the protection of minors, as be tween Parties to both Conventions. Otherwise the present Conven tion shall not restrict the application of an intemational instrument in force between the State of origin and the State addressed or other law of the State addressed for the purposes of obtaining the return of a child who has been wrongfully removed or retained or of organizing access rights.

Article 35 This Convention shall apply as between Contracting States only to wrongful removals or retentions occurring after its entry into force in those States. Where a declaration has been made under

Article 39 or 40, the ref erence in the preceding paragraph to a Contracting State shall be taken to refer to the territorial unit or units in relation to which this Convention applies.

Article 36 Nothing in this Convention shall prevent two or more Contracting States, in order to limit the restrictions to which the retum of the child may be subject, from agreeing among themselves to derogate 10

from any provisions of this Convention which may imply such a restriction.

CHAPTER VI — FINAL CLAUSES

Article 37 The Convention shall be open for signature by the States which were Members of the Hague Conference on Private Intemational Law at the time of its Fourteenth Session. It shall be ratified, accepted or approved and the instmments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Min istry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Article 38 Any other State may accede to the Convention. The instmment of accession shall be deposited with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Convention shall enter into force for a State acceding to it on the first day of the third calendar month after the deposit of its instmment of accession. The accession will have effect only as regards the relations between the acceding State and such Contracting States as will have declared their acceptance of the accession.

Such a declaration will also have to be made by any Member State ratifying, accepting or approving the Convention after an accession. Such declaration shaU be depos ited at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Neth erlands; this Ministry shaU forward, through diplomatic channels, a certified copy to each of the Contracting States. The Convention will enter into force as between the acceding State and the State that has declared its acceptance of the accession on the first day of the third calendar month after the deposit of the decla ration of acceptance.

Article 39 Any State may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, ap proval or accession, declare that the Convention shall extend to all the territories for the intemational relations of which it is responsi ble, or to one or more of them. Such a declaration shall take effect at the time the Convention enters into force for that State. Such declaration, as well as any subsequent extension, shall be noti fied to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Neth erlands.

Article 40 If a Contracting State has two or more territorial units in which different systems of law are applicable in relation to matters dealt with in this Convention, it may at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession declare that this Convention shall extend to all its territorial units or only to one or more of them and 11

may modify this declaration by submitting another declaration at any time. Any such declaration shall be notified to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and shall state expressly the territorial units to which the Convention applies.

Article 41 Where a Contracting State has a system of government under which executive, judicial and legislative powers are distributed between central and other authorities within that State, its signature or ratifi cation, acceptance or approval of, or accession to this Convention, or its making of any declaration in terms of

Article 40 shall carry no implication as to the intemal distribution of powers within that State.

Article 42 Any State may, not later than the time of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, or at the time of making a declaration in terms of

Article 39 or 40, make one or both of the reservations provided for in

Article 24 and

Article 26, third paragraph. No other reserva tion shall be permitted. Any State may at any time withdraw a reservation it has made. The withdrawal shall be notified to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The reservation shall cease to have effect on the first day of the third calendar month after the notification referted to in the preceding paragraph.

Article 43 The Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the third calendar month after the deposit of the third instmment of ratifica tion, acceptance, approval or accession referted to in Articles 37 and 38. Thereafter the Convention shall enter into force — 1 for each State ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to it sub sequently, on the first day of the third calendar month after the de posit of its instmment of ratification, acceptance, approval or acces sion; 2 for any territory or territorial unit to which the Convention has been extended in conformity with

Article 39 or 40, on the first day of the third calendar month after the notification referted to in that Article.

Article 44 The Convention shall remain in force for five years from the date of Its entry into force in accordance with the first paragraph of

Article 43 even for States which subsequently have ratified, accepted, ap proved it or acceded to it. If there has been no denunciation, it shall be renewed tacitly every five years. 12

Any denunciation shall be notified to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands at least six months before the expiry of the five year period. It may be limited to certain of the territories or territorial units to which the Convention applies. The denunciation shall have effect only as regards the State which has notified it. The Convention shall remain in force for the other Contracting States.

Article 45 The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands shall notify the States Members of the Conference, and the States which have acceded in accordance with

Article 38, of the follow ing — 1 the signatures and ratifications, acceptances and approvals referred to in

Article 37; 2 the accessions referred to in

Article 38; 3 the date on which the Convention enters into force in accordance with

Article 43; 4 the extensions referred to in

Article 39; 5 the declarations referred to in Articles 38 and 40; 6 the reservations referted to in

Article 24 and

Article 26, third paragraph, and the withdrawals referted to in

Article 42; 7 the denunciations referred to in

Article 44.

In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Convention. Done at The Hague, on the 25th day of October 1980 in the English and French languages, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Govemment of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and of which a certified copy shall be sent, through diplomatic channels, to each of the States Members of the Hague Conference on Private Intemational Law at the date of its Fourteenth Session. 13 Title: 1986 (21st, 1st) Bill 25, International Child Abduction Act

Document details

Collection	Alberta — Bills
Citation	L21 S1 3211
Type	bill
Volume / chapter	L21 S1 3211
Language	en
Format	json
Source	PROVINCIAL
Identifier	6fea4a3222e6b1ea3aaea3330144ab23f1a2d2ed

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