2007 Legislative Session: Third Session, 38th Parliament

HANSARD

The following electronic version is for informational purposes

only.

The printed version remains the official version.

Official Report of

DEBATES OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

(Hansard)

TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 2007

Morning Sitting

Volume 24, Number 10

CONTENTS

Routine Proceedings

Page

Second Reading of Bills

Electoral Boundaries Commission

Amendment Act, 2007 (Bill 39) (continued)

C. Trevena

R. Cantelon

C. Wyse

H. Bloy

C. Puchmayr

[ Page 9299 ]

TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 2007

The House met at 10:02 a.m.

[Mr. Speaker in the chair.]

Prayers.

Orders of the Day

Hon. C. Richmond: I call the adjourned debate on second

reading of Bill 39, intituled Electoral Boundaries Commission Amendment Act,

Second Reading of Bills

ELECTORAL BOUNDARIES COMMISSION

AMENDMENT ACT, 2007

(continued)

C. Trevena: Some time ago I was talking about Bill 39, and

I'm very happy to continue my remarks about the bill, because I find that it's

one that raises great concerns for me. I was talking at that stage about the

concept of gerrymandering and whether this is or isn't gerrymandering. It is

clearly, I believe, political interference.

We have an independent commission that has been charged with a

duty, to be carried out independently, to look at our electoral boundaries.

Because the result wasn't up to what it was felt was needed by the government,

the Electoral Boundaries Commission has been given another charge.

[K. Whittred in the chair.]

What is particularly troubling about this is that it's been

charged with saying that there were going to be a set number of seats, instead

of "up to." Instead of up to 85 seats, which would give the Electoral Boundaries

Commission, an independent commission, the opportunity to look at the electoral

map and work out where the best distribution is going to be, it is now saying

that there have to be 87 seats.

I know that the arguments being stated about this are that this is

going to guarantee rural representation. When I finished my remarks — I believe

it was about ten days ago — I was talking about the fact that I represent a

rural constituency.

[1005]

I know very well the importance of the way that our electoral

system works, where rural constituencies may have a smaller population but,

because of the larger land mass, have an equal representation. My constituency

is about 17,000 square kilometres, and I know that where it takes me four or

five hours to get across it, including either ferries or boats — water taxis or

boat rides — for some of my colleagues, it might take only an hour to cross

their constituency, if they're in an urban constituency.

Fixing the seats by declaring that we are going to have X number

of rural seats and X number of urban seats really isn't helpful. I think that

everybody understands the irony of this — that this is coming from a Premier who

at one time wanted to cut the number of seats and wanted to cut the number of

MLAs. Now we're saying: "Oh well, to protect rural representation, we're going

to ensure that we have a certain number of seats in the rural areas, and then we

can divide the rest of the province up."

This shouldn't be for our Premier to decide. It shouldn't be for

us to decide. It should be for an independent commission to decide. The

commission's independence, I believe, is fundamental for trust in our democratic

process.

In my remarks a couple of weeks ago I raised the fact that we

don't have many women here. We don't have many people from what represents B.C.,

and we don't have many young people here. What I find, when I'm talking to

people, is a lack of trust in our democratic process. There's the sense that it

doesn't matter, that they're not going to be heard.

When we get interference, an independent commission that is being

interfered with…. When we have a group of highly respected people who are not

allowed to go about their job independently and who are told, "Well, you can do

it independently. Go off and talk to all the people you want, but this is the

answer we want," where is the democracy in that? Where is the independence in

that?

It doesn't surprise me that when you go into a classroom and try

and explain that to young people, they get disillusioned. It is a fundamental

part of our democracy that we have this independent commission, and I think it

was very healthy when it was created. It's not that old to have an independent

commission in B.C., and I think it really should enhance our democratic process

here.

Yesterday I had a very interesting discussion with some Ukrainian

women who were here. I introduced them in the Legislature. They come from

Ukraine. Most of them were born in the Soviet era. There were a couple of

younger women there who were…. One was five, I think, when the Soviet Union

collapsed and Ukraine became independent.

They were admiring our democratic process. They are a new

government, and I'm not sure whether…. They have a democratic process, but it is

a struggling democratic process. They really admired our democratic process and

the way that there is distancing — the way we are elected compared to the way

members in their governments are elected, the way we can operate compared to the

way members in their government operate and the way we set our boundaries

compared to the way they set their boundaries.

It is, I think, something we really should remember — how precious

our democratic process is. I keep coming back to the sense of democratic

process, Madam Speaker, because this is such a part of our democratic process.

The structure is such a part of our democratic process, and the way the

structure is set up is part of our democratic process.

If people can't trust that a boundaries commission can work

independently of a government or, rather,

[ Page 9300 ]

that a government cannot let a boundaries commission work independently —

that a government is so insecure or so autocratic that it has to feel that a

boundaries commission has to be told what to do — it's no wonder that people

lose faith in democracy. It's no wonder that people lose faith in our democratic

process, and it's no wonder that…. Come the next election, I'm sure we'll see

even fewer people going to vote. They can see that it doesn't really make much

difference, because our processes are fixed.

[1010]

I say that I represent a rural area. I represent a rural area

where we're seeing some changes. One of the changes is in our electoral

processes, and that is the change in our regional district, where it's being

split from one regional district into two parts. It's being done without

consultation.

Again, people are questioning how this can happen. How can we have

a structure that works be broken up? How can a government just come and say

high-handedly: "This is what we want to do. This is how we want to make our view

of democracy work"?

It's very troubling that there is a government that is so insecure

in its fundamental beliefs that it will come in and tell an electoral boundaries

commission: "This is how you're going to be setting up." It will tell an elected

body such as the regional district: "Sorry, you don't exist." It really is of

great concern that we are seeing a government that will say: "This is the way

that we want it. You agree with it or else. There is no choice."

I think that that is very troubling. It's very worrying. I think

that, as this continues, as we start seeing more and more of the voices not

being heard, whether it is in elected local government or whether it is in the

way that our boundaries are set up…. Why get involved? If we don't have people

getting involved, if we don't have any trust in our democratic process, what

does that mean for our future? If people cannot trust the independence of our

democratic process, what does that mean for us in the future?

All members talk about the honour of being in this chamber. I

think we're all honoured to be in this chamber. We're all extraordinarily proud

to represent the people who have elected us, to represent our constituencies,

our communities. But that pride does become tarnished when we see the system

sullied, when we see the system being abused, when we see that we have a

government that will say: "I'm running it this way. Take it."

I have huge pride in being in this House. Like a number of my

colleagues on both sides of the House, I'm a new Canadian. I am very honoured

that I have been elected by my constituents, and I'm very proud to represent

them. I'm in this House because I believe in democracy. I believe democracy

works, and I believe democracy should be encouraged to work.

As I mentioned, I met with women from the Ukraine, and I've been

in and worked in places where democracy doesn't work. I've worked trying to help

these countries and these places learn about democracy and learn about the

electoral process.

One of the very basic things when you're dealing with a new

government, a new country which is going to have an election, is education about

the electoral process. A fundamental part of education about the electoral

process is the independence of an electoral boundaries commission.

Across the world where you are working to instil a democratic

process, you talk about the independence of an electoral boundaries commission,

where it will not be interfered with by the executive, by the government, by

anybody. They have the right to go and examine the country, go listen to people

and talk and find out what is going to be the best way that boundaries can be

drawn up.

Yet here in B.C. — a young province in an established democracy of

Canada, an established democratic system and parliamentary democracy — we have a

government that doesn't have the courage to let people work, to let an

independent boundaries commission work on its own.

It's a government that is afraid of its own people. That is a

very, very scary concept — that it is so afraid of what people might say or what

people might do or maybe that people don't like what it is saying and will do

something else, that it has to impose its views on the system.

[1015]

B.C. is growing. It's a young province that is growing. I think

everybody agrees that we need to look at the electoral boundaries. There's no

question we need to look at the electoral boundaries so that we get good

representation for everyone in B.C. But that doesn't come from diktat. It

doesn't come from telling that Electoral Boundaries Commission how many should

be.

As I say, I've worked in places where democracy doesn't work and

where people are striving for a fair and just democratic system. They would love

to have an honest election. If I went and told them that the way it works here

is that yes, you have honest elections, but the government can come in and the

government can say, "This is how we want the electoral system to work," they'd

be shocked.

One of the things we can pride ourselves on as Canadians in the

democratic free world and in the Commonwealth is that we can go into different

countries and explain our democratic system and share with people our democratic

system and share with people the independence of our democratic system. What is

so sad is that this tarnishes that reputation.

By having the line that we have to have a set number of electoral

districts, taking away the freedom of the Electoral Boundaries Commission, it

sullies our reputation. It sullies our reputation in this country, and it most

certainly sullies our reputation anywhere else that looks to Canada as a

democratic, bright, hopeful place.

Democracy. I would hope that we would all agree that democracy is

something that we should be celebrating. It is a wonderful evolution of the

people's voice, of the way that we listen to people, the way that we hear

people, the way that we represent people. Democracy should be able to operate

without political interference. The very basic structures of democracy should be

without political interference.

[ Page 9301 ]

The independent process that was set up, which we all agreed to in

2005, was also going to be looking at the boundaries for proportional

representation. I know there's a lot of discussion about proportional

representation, whether this is the right version or the wrong version and

whether STV is actually proportional representation. I could talk for another

half-hour about the different forms of proportional representation.

I think that proportional representation is the way forward, and

it's definitely a way to engage more people into the democratic process. I think

it will really enliven both our democracy here in B.C. and Canada's democracy.

When you see a system of proportional representation where you can get

independent people standing, you can get small parties standing and getting

elected, it's very exciting and very representative.

It is so troubling, so distressing that this Electoral Boundaries

Commission is drawing the map for what will be the vote for B.C. on proportional

representation. What should be a whole new process that can be brought to the

people of B.C. through an independent body on a whole new voting system, on a

whole new way of how we make democracy work and how we can engage people and

enliven the debate, has again been tarnished because there are instructions

being given to the Electoral Boundaries Commission. And while there are

instructions being given to an electoral boundaries commission, the process is

not going to be open, it's not going to be transparent, and I think it's going

to leave people with a very bitter taste in their mouths.

[1020]

I think that we had an opportunity here both for proportional

representation and for the boundaries for our province. The freedom of an

electoral boundaries commission is a huge opportunity for a province to define

itself, for people to go and talk to the Boundaries Commission.

I know that people from my constituency talked to the Boundaries

Commission. Rather, the neighbouring constituency of Powell River–Sunshine Coast

just across the strait talked to the Boundaries Commission, because the

Boundaries Commission actually enlarged my constituency under the maps that were

drawn in a report that came out this summer to include people who live in the

Broughton Archipelago, Gilford Island, Echo Bay and up the inland areas.

They felt they were not being represented properly, because their

point of reference is Port McNeill and Port Hardy, not Powell River or Sechelt.

They were able to approach the Boundaries Commission and say: "It doesn't work

for us. The way the system is at the moment, it doesn't work for us. We want to

be able to be part of North Island, because that is where our voice is. We know

our representative. We see her a lot. We know where her office is. We know how

to communicate with her. We don't have any connection with the other

constituency."

It worked, Madam Speaker. The Electoral Boundaries Commission

listened, and they changed the map to include the voices of those people. Now

the Electoral Boundaries Commission is being told that they have to listen to

the Premier. Clearly, they have to listen to the voices of some people, but they

are fixed with the 87 seats.

I keep coming back to my concerns about the government's approach

on this, because when the government was first elected in 2001, it did promise

openness, and it promised transparency. We can all talk about the open cabinet

meetings. I think both sides of the House mostly get a laugh from that now,

because I don't think anybody can remember when the last open cabinet meeting

was.

Interjection.

C. Trevena: There may be some heckling there, but I don't

think the member opposite can be very proud of the number that his own cabinet

has had. He is a member of cabinet, and I would hope that he would take this

issue to his Premier and say: "We want openness. We want transparency. We do not

want a government that is fearful of the democratic process and fearful of its

own people." And that is what we're getting.

This is a government that also brought in fixed-term elections.

Now, fixed-term elections…. Some people say they're good; some people say

they're bad. They are an evolution in our democratic process.

I realize that the time I have left to speak is limited, but one

of the concerns that I think many people have in the redrawing of the maps that

have been given to the Electoral Boundaries Commission is that suddenly we're

going to have a very tight time limit for these new maps to be put into place

ahead of an election on May 12, 2009.

We have an Electoral Boundaries Commission that is still waiting

for this House, obviously, to approve the bill and then to be able to get back

on with its work. It's going to leave less than 18 months for the whole process

to fall into place. I find that very, very worrying.

I know the government has changed the rules many times on the

whole Electoral Boundaries Commission. Initially, we were supposed to have the

next vote on proportional representation in 2008. Luckily, that's already been

put back to 2009, because it would be exceedingly worrying if suddenly we had to

get whole new maps together in nine months' time.

In closing on my opposition to this bill, what we're seeing is a

government that changes the rules — a government that is frightened of people

and will change the rules to get the political outcome it wants, whether it is

the political outcome in the map of the elections for B.C. or the political

outcome in the way that a regional district works. You see the autocratic

splitting of the Comox-Strathcona regional district.

I oppose this bill wholeheartedly, because I think it is the sign

of an autocratic, fearful government.

R. Cantelon: It's a pleasure and a privilege to talk about

an issue that's really at the heart of our democracy — the establishment of

electoral boundaries to equitably and fairly represent our people in the

province.

[1025]

[ Page 9302 ]

I had the opportunity this summer to attend a parliamentary

conference, which basically encourages and engenders the preservation and

extension of our parliamentary system. Unless I mistake the member for North

Island's eloquent elocution, her mother country is the seat of that democracy.

The Magna Carta and the origin of our parliamentary system go back to that

country, England. It's a great system. Many people have tried to change it and

modify it, but over the years it stood the time well. It gives the people a

chance to speak through their elected representatives and to say what their

feelings are and to direct them in their affairs.

I have quite a few concerns, though, about the tactics and the

slant that the members opposite are putting on this. I have to say that I think

it does not accurately reflect the process. I think it could give the public

listening to these speeches the mistaken impression that this process is somehow

unfairly slanted and unfairly used. I think the statements within the House,

though, in many ways sharply contrast what has been said outside the House. I'll

refer to those comments in a few moments.

There are two essential components to this. Certainly democracy is

the core, and the second, of course, is representation within that democracy.

It's been said that the process is being unfairly managed and slanted, and let

me speak to that a bit. It's as though we are lifting from the Electoral

Boundaries Commission their right to act independently. Of course, that is far

from the case.

They have put a considerable amount of good work into it. But even

in presenting the report to us as they did, they recognized there were some

shortcomings and some flaws — particularly on the Island that I represent,

Vancouver Island. It was recognized in the comments by the Electoral Boundaries

Commission that there was a need and pressure for the expanding populations on

Vancouver Island to get additional representation.

Distribution on Vancouver Island, of course, is quite difficult

inasmuch as, unlike central metropolitan areas in the lower mainland, where you

merely cut the grid into different shapes…. If triangles don't work, you can use

squares or circles or whatever to adjust the population to the required amount.

However, on Vancouver Island the population is spread up and down

the Island, and it's not so easy to divide it into equal population areas that

receive fair and equitable representation. The member for North Island in her

comments pointed out that her riding is indeed one of the most sparsely

populated and spread-out ridings — from Campbell River to Gold River to Tahsis

to Zeballos up to Port Hardy and Port McNeill and across to Alert Bay. It's a

very, very spread-out Island.

I would have to comment that the representation that riding

received was a little awkward in that the Electoral Boundaries Commission came

up with a population base that was 5 percent over the average, despite the fact

that this was one of the most sparsely spread-out areas. This is one of the

areas that I think the electoral boundary would have sought to have more freedom

and the jurisdiction to operate differently.

But electoral boundaries commissions operate within the guidelines

that the government gives them. The government gives them guidelines according

to what the population desires, what the people of the province want.

Going back again, the core tenet of our parliamentary system, of

course, is representation by population. That was an easy thing in rural England

and in rural Canada in earlier days, where so much of the population was based

on agrarian production, that people were on the farm. The population was evenly

distributed, principally between the cities and the countryside.

That, of course, has changed with industrialization. The need

becomes to develop and to more fairly represent these two differing and

disparate concentrations of population. Now, I would not agree with some of the

members on my side of the House who say that we have to represent the areas

where the resources come from.

Well, the resources don't vote. But I would concede that the

people who are the stewards, the people who live in those areas, the people who

we look to for advice on how resources will be developed, how the important

resources of the province will be managed, how we will protect the environment….

These considerations in developing our wonderful province need to be given

strong and adequate representation.

[1030]

What we clearly heard after the first Electoral Boundaries

Commission was a protest from the people who live there. They showed up in

considerable numbers in northern communities — in Prince George and others —

saying: "You can't do this. You cannot remove representation from the rural

areas."

We have to achieve what is a fair balance of representation,

skewing away from purely representation to population, that gives a

representation of the stewards of these rural resource-producing areas a proper

say in the development of our province and still acknowledge that the people in

the lower mainland have to be adequately represented in terms of population.

You can't go too far in this extreme and have ridings where you

need to tend to an inordinate number of constituents. Firstly, it isn't easy or

fair to handle a greater number of constituents than in a more sparsely

populated area. Just as importantly, the main principle of our democracy is

representation by population — one person, one vote. The more you vary from

that, the less democratic, fundamentally, your government becomes. I think both

sides of the House recognize this.

The Electoral Boundaries Commission was tasked with redoing this.

"Let's keep the seats." That's what we clearly heard. "Keep rural

representation. It's important. It's necessary." We heard that from both sides

of the House in public, but not here. I'll refer to some of those comments in a

few minutes. So we certainly said: "Keep those seats."

Coming back to all the members on Vancouver Island, the regional

district of Nanaimo was the second-fastest-growing area of British Columbia, at

9 percent. It's clear that the Island is being discovered by more and more

people and that more and more people desire to live there. In the province it's

the most desirable place in the world to live. Vancouver Island, as its climate

and favourable aspects of recreation are recognized, is

[ Page 9303 ]

becoming one of the most desirable areas to live in British Columbia.

The Electoral Boundaries Commission struggled with that and could

not accommodate everybody, could not accommodate all the growth needs, all the

potential voters who aren't properly represented. So it was the decision of the

government to set broad guidelines, and I emphasize broad guidelines.

It has been said — and I expect it will be said, perhaps, by the

following speaker — that we had somehow constricted or tied the hands of the

Electoral Boundaries Commission. Not so. The previous speaker said that they

have to agree or else. It's also going to be held forth, perhaps by the next

speaker — perhaps he'll be more sagacious in his comments — that we're somehow

trying to ram this through.

Well, first of all, let me comment that the hard work, the

spadework, of the Electoral Boundaries Commission has already been done. They

have done the statistical gathering of information from the last census. They've

compiled a wealth of statistics, developing population trends of all the

communities on the islands. So all the numbers work, the hard crunching, has

already been done. That doesn't have to go further.

They've also heard representations regarding community of

interest, which I think is a very important consideration. In fact, it's really

at the core of retaining the rural seats — to retain a community of interest and

not further cut them up.

They've done that work. Now it's not as if they're going to have

to reinvent the wheel. Au contraire . What they will be doing is

re-examining their work in the light of the new guidelines that have been set

forward — the new broad guidelines.

To suggest that the Premier or any other person is trying to

specifically dictate where those boundaries go…. I think that the members

opposite know that truly that is not the case.

The commission is now handed its guidelines, and they will

consider them as they divide into new boundaries. I think all members will look

with interest when those boundaries come up and are unfolded before us.

They have, from the passing of this legislation…. Although the

legislation hasn't passed, I'm sure some of the people in the bureaucracy are

already considering what the work ahead of them likely will look like. They will

redraw those boundaries by the end of January. By the end of January they will

put forward a new set of tentative boundaries. Those tentative boundaries will

then be up to public scrutiny, as they were before.

[1035]

I certainly hope and it's my expectation that unlike the first set

of boundaries — where the people in the north were basically screaming for a

change; they did not like the idea of removing representation — they'll be

received a lot better, particularly that the three seats would be put back in.

Also, other areas — like Vancouver Island, like areas in the lower mainland —

will profit from the expansion of the number of seats.

They will then be able to see their representation expectations

fully met. Those expectations will then have to meet the open, transparent

scrutiny of the public. Everybody will have a chance to talk about and discuss

and make their representations known to the commission, which will then have to

report back by the end of May. Then the final report will be forwarded.

It's not a complete rechanging of the entire grid. It's not a

complete change or throwing everything away the work that was done. All of that

work will be compiled and yet further refined. It's a significant but a very

important and positive step of moving forward.

It's much better to do the change that we did than to move forward

with a plan that was clearly not acceptable. I invite any member of the

opposition, perhaps following, to say that it was acceptable, to say that the

north was happy with the reduction in seats, to come forward and say: "We like

that. My constituents have told me that we like less representation."

In fact, we have had the opposition try to say both things at the

same time, an equivocation that just does not pass the test of logic, I'm sorry

to say. They want to preserve the representation in the north on the one hand,

but they don't want any changes in the system. The two conflicting ideas,

happily, do not seem to cause any conflict in the minds of the opposition. But

we've often seen, I'm afraid, on the other side that apparent — at least

apparent to me — contradictions in logic do not seem to inhibit them in their

policy statements.

In fact, I see some agreeing smiles, I think, from the member for

Columbia River–Revelstoke opposite. May I remind him of what he said just….

N. Macdonald: I wasn't agreeing.

R. Cantelon: You agree? Thank you. I happily take that

concession from you.

"The increase in the number of seats in the Legislature" — this

was when it went from 75 to 79 — "will allow some retention of rural seats."

That was a statement by the member for Columbia River–Revelstoke.

I would hope that he would happily agree that going from 85 to 87

would be even more beneficial to the representation in rural seats. If I abridge

his statement, I'm sure it's one that stands the test of standing alone, because

it's quite clear in its sentiment.

That's what we heard, and we heard other things, too, very

recently. The Leader of the Opposition, the member for Victoria–Beacon Hill on….

Well, this is recent. This is from this September, relating to the upcoming one:

"We have been very vocal about saying that we shouldn't lose rural

representation. Not often the Premier and I agree" — my goodness, it does say

that — "but on this one, we'd like to see rural seats remain." That seems to be

a pretty clear statement.

D. Hayer: Very clear.

R. Cantelon: Very clear. "We don't think we can lose them."

It would certainly seem to me that the statement of sympathy is

clear. Then, on the one hand, we say what we're doing….

[ Page 9304 ]

Interjection.

R. Cantelon: Ah, they're awake. I'm glad to see that the

opposition has been inspired to participate in this debate, and I look forward

to future comments. I'm glad to see they're turning their gaze from their other

distractions, because I think this is an important debate, and I think it's

worthy of serious discussion by all members of the Legislature. But I say

serious discussion.

Let's not talk about, as some…. They say that the independence of

this committee has somehow been inhibited. Everyone knows — and I think the

public is very well aware — that the commission will take their instructions and

do as they choose with them. Frankly, as individual members, we may not be quite

as enthusiastic about the machinations and the results that they derive from

relooking at the database that they have acquired and applying and transposing

the new regulations, the new instructions, on them.

These new instructions certainly meet what we have heard from the

people. "Don't cut rural seats." That's what we've done.

[1040]

I think it's very clear that as stewards of the north, as stewards

of our resources…. It's absolutely critical that as the representation from the

north, where we obtain so much of our wealth in this province — it drives the

economy of this province — they be adequately represented to decide how these

lands should be used.

Madam Speaker, if I may, I'd like to take a pause and allow

another member to make an introduction.

Hon. M. Coell: Madam Chair, I'd like to take a moment to

make an introduction, if that's all right.

Leave granted.

Introductions by Members

Hon. M. Coell: I have 25 grades 4 and 5 students from my

riding from Brentwood Elementary School who are here today with some parents and

their teacher, Julie Kirzinger. They're actually here now, listening to debate

on the Electoral Boundaries Commission Amendment Act. I would say that ten years

from now they're going to be in a position to be able to vote for all members of

this House, so if you would please make them very welcome.

Debate Continued

R. Cantelon: It's wonderful to see so many students and

their teachers here in the gallery. If I may, through you, Madam Speaker, make

comments to the fact that what they are watching today — I digress slightly — is

a very important discussion.

We are discussing nothing less than the absolute core of our

democracy: how people should be represented by their electors. That's what we're

debating here today. What our government is suggesting is that it be done in a

fair way so that all the people, notwithstanding where they live and what the

population is, receive fair representation.

What I'm suggesting today and what I'm arguing for, Madam Speaker,

to the gallery, is that the north should have and maintain its representation.

What you may hear from the benches opposite is that they don't want to do that.

They don't want to retain the seats in the north. But they will do it in a way —

interestingly enough, intriguingly enough — to try to have it both ways: "We

don't want to lose rural representation, but we don't like the new guidelines as

set forward."

You can't have it both ways. Well, evidently, that is the position

they espouse. They can't have it both ways. You can't both retain the rural

seats and expand representation the way we're suggesting to do it. It's an

impossibility, and there are other needs.

I was talking about Vancouver Island. On Vancouver Island, again,

the Leader of the Opposition has said, about representation with regard to

Victoria — where there are long-held traditions which define the other aspect

besides population, the aspect of community of interest…. The member for

Victoria–Beacon Hill said: "No one would have expected" — indicating surprise —

"there would be this amount of change."

The change, I infer, refers to the fact that the traditional

demographic and community-of-interest lines, instead of running north-south,

were suddenly cut in a different way and all the ridings were changed. "There's

a long history." I infer from that that the history should be respected, and I

agree with that. The history should be respected — the history of the ridings in

Victoria.

I think that the public will really want to get involved. We

intend to give them that opportunity, Madam Speaker. We will be passing this

legislation. I assume we will be passing it. I hope there will be unanimity on

this, although there may not be. There may be some recalcitrant members opposite

who, despite their own instincts and logic, will pursue the party dictums on

this, I'm sure.

In any case, as of January 31, once the Electoral Boundaries

Commission has ample time to reconsider their massive database and reconfigure

the ridings, they'll go to what they said. They'll go to the issues like the

representation on Vancouver Island, which they acknowledge was just barely below

adding another seat. They'll now be able to do that and add that seat if they

choose. They'll have the flexibility to do that,

whereas they didn't before.

They will do that, despite what you may hear from the opposition,

with considerable public influence but no political influence. The die will be

set, and they'll be able to then move their jurisdiction within the wide

latitude that's provided to them. And I'm sure comments such as those that I

just mentioned from the Leader of the Opposition will be taken into account so

that the history of Victoria ridings will be respected in these new

considerations and deliberations.

[1045]

I look forward to a new Electoral Boundaries Commission that

recognizes the shortcomings that the

[ Page 9305 ]

Electoral Boundaries Commission themselves recognize — that Vancouver Island,

for example, was not quite at the threshold of a new seat. They will now have

the opportunity to do so.

I'm sure there are areas in the lower mainland that feel the same

pinch. Adding seats provides more flexibility that would have allowed them to do

the representations that they need.

The issues about democracy…. How do you preserve democracy? You

need a modern

interpretation that balances the fact that the rural areas

continue to decline in population and that the urban areas continue to grow. You

have to find a balance that acknowledges and recognizes the historical basic

tenet of democracy — which is representation by population — that recognizes

that but, in a new and modern way, compensates for the decline in rural

populations.

As I reiterate, the rural populations are critical. They are,

indeed, the stewards of our resources, and the resources of this province are

what drive the economy of this province. I think it was over $200 million. The

restimulation of the mining industry has been tremendous, and the people who

live there are important. Their representation and their voices are extremely

important.

We've heard, of course, a member opposite from the Prince Rupert

area. I know that the important new port that has been put into Prince Rupert is

going to be of great benefit to the people in that area. We are going to become

the gateway for goods and services travelling to China because, after all,

Prince Rupert is three days closer than Los Angeles and will become an important

point of importation of goods and services and export to that growing huge

market in China. It will be critical.

The people in Prince Rupert need to be represented, and they need

the support of their other rural members. To see their voices reduced would be a

horrible thing.

G. Coons: Their voice is watered down now because of this

bill.

R. Cantelon: I'm sure, as the member just evinced, their

voices will never be watered down. I'm sure they'll find a way to make

themselves heard.

In conclusion, I think to say that the important tenets of

democracy, such a rich tradition…. I want to return to the meeting I had in

Winnipeg this summer where we met and, in a very bipartisan way with members

from opposite, made representations to the parliamentary association of Canada.

We had representatives from overseas, and we came to recognize how fragile a

thing democracy is and how privileged we are to have democracy here in Canada —

to have such a great, free place.

The visitors in the gallery may be somewhat amused by the banter

across. And if I can, Madam Speaker, I may comment that we don't really hate

each other, that we really have the well-being of the province very deeply

committed to in our hearts.

We have different approaches, and you'll hear some of that

shortly. I would like you to recognize and look for contradictions where you

espouse rural representation but somehow oppose the fact that we are adding back

the three seats that the commission decided quite independently to remove.

Democracy isn't doing well in all parts of the world, even in

those that have parliamentary democracies. We have a rich tradition, and it's

being very well served and upheld in this chamber. I look forward to the

following comments.

But to suggest we're somehow altering or skewering it, to somehow

suggest that the Premier wants to set in place a circumstance where the seats

are more favourably disposed to the election of our people…. I'm quite happy, in

a political sense, to hear — and it's quite interesting to hear — that somehow

these added seats are automatically going to be Liberal seats.

I think, and I stand to be corrected, we still have to hold

elections in those unheld seats in those new ridings. I'm happy to hear that

they are so willing to quickly concede defeat.

[1050]

I say to you: I know that we have said in this House — perhaps

unfairly — negative, depressing, pessimistic…. Lift yourselves up from that

mire. You can win those seats. Those seats will be open for anybody to win, and

I encourage you to run candidates. I hope you run candidates in all of them. You

may not. But don't be discouraged, you might win some of them. We'll give you a

good fight in every one of them.

To presume that somehow they're going to be automatic Liberal

seats or that they're going to be configured so they're more favourable to

Liberal seats is a mistake. The Electoral Boundaries Commission knows the

number, but we don't know where or how. They will decide the distribution.

It may not be quite as favourable as we would like. Certainly,

Vancouver Island has not a rich history, where I live, of electing members from

my side of the House, and probably adding a seat is not necessarily to the

advantage of the party that I represent, given the historical trends.

Nevertheless, when those new boundaries come out, I look forward and relish the

opportunity to challenge the ideas of the opposition in a new election.

It will give a better representation. It will protect the rural

seats. It will protect the stewardship of the northern seats but also

acknowledge that areas like the Nanaimo regional district, which is growing at

the second-fastest rate in the province — Kelowna has the fastest rate, and the

lower mainland and Surrey, of course, are growing at a tremendous rate — will

now have the seats to balance the representation by population against the rural

resource areas and will reach a more equitable representation in the province.

They will do this without interference. They will do this

independently and will have the results by the end of January. From January to

May, over the next four months, there'll be ample time for public

representation, for input, and they will listen to this input.

We won't this time, I'm sure, find the dramatic negative response

we got to the first pass of the Electoral Boundaries Commission. I'm sure that

the people in the northern communities will welcome the fact that this

[ Page 9306 ]

legislation will establish their fair and equitable representation, and I

look forward to the next election. I think it will be one that will be well

fought. Once again, I think the people of all British Columbia will be well

served by all the members of this House.

C. Wyse: It is indeed my pleasure to get up and to address

the House. I do wish to acknowledge the comments of my colleague from

Nanaimo-Parksville. I'm sure he's not going to be surprised when I draw some

inconsistencies that have been presented in his discussion. I will do this in

one of the most positive manners in a most negative situation that has been

presented to the entire population of British Columbia.

In the description of the process that has taken place here, it is

important to remember that the independence of a commission that defines where

the boundaries are going to be for the upcoming elections is very important.

It's the independence of the commission that achieves that. That arbitrariness

on behalf of the Legislature is most important. There is no question that the

matter of issues of pocket boroughs cannot be allowed to develop.

Pocket boroughs are those areas in which they have elected

representatives sitting in the House, and in essence, they have no people that

they are representing. Equally importantly in our system is the aspect that

gerrymandering by the government in power also has to be balanced off.

We have a history in democratic countries around the world of

governments in power gerrymandering — that is, setting up a process in which

they statistically increase their chances of remaining in power by moving the

boundaries around to their advantage. In British Columbia we had moved past that

aspect of gerrymandering.

[H. Bloy in the chair.]

I intend to develop an argument here for all British Columbians

that Bill 39 in its present form is not supportable without amendments. That's

the key aspect of it.

[1055]

It requires amendments in order to achieve the instructions that

have been set by the courts. The courts rule that you are to find effective

representation. Finding that

part is what the argument and the debate are about.

When you change the situation so that effectiveness has been removed, in actual

fact you have changed the rules. You have changed the situation of the

independence that had been set up by a commission.

Now, it is important, from my perspective, that without amendments

to this legislation, Bill 39 is not supportable. It's not supportable for three

major reasons, and they are: the Premier's interference with the commission's

work once it had been undertaken…. I will come back and develop the rationale

behind my three points as we move along. The second point is the addition of

eight new politicians. Finally, the third point that I will develop is the

dilution of rural representation in the overall context of the proposed

amendment of Bill 39.

Now I wish to return to my three arguments. I would like to advise

my colleagues here in the House, as well as the people in British Columbia that

are listening to this important debate, that I will be developing throughout my

discussion a rationale for why amendments are required to Bill 39 or I'm not

able to support it. So I do wish to advise the House that that is how my

arguments will be going, Mr. Speaker, and I thank you for hearing that.

Looking at the first point — the Premier's interference with the

commission's work after the commission's work had begun — requires a little bit

of history. About two years ago in this House the process for the commission was

set out. The government opposite brought forward their proposed legislation for

what they deemed to be how the Electoral Boundaries Commission would go about

doing its job in an independent fashion.

That legislation was agreed to unanimously. It was debated, the

wisdom of the government was accepted, the analysis of the House was applied to

the legislation, and we unanimously gave our blessing to this commission to

undertake its important role of independently reviewing the changes of the

population here within British Columbia.

We then unanimously agreed again on who these three wise

individuals would be to undertake this very difficult task of going out, without

political interference, to listen to the people of British Columbia and to sit

down with that information and bring forward an initial report that, according

to the previous legislation, would then go back out to the population of British

Columbia. Once more, the population of British Columbia would have a chance to

make their pitch to those three independent commissioners on modifications to

what the commission had in mind, to what their initial report was presenting.

[1100]

From the beginning to the very end of where the commission

adjourned their process, this side of the House made representation about having

effective rural representation maintained. Right from the get-go, there were 24

submissions made by members on this side of the House. There were not

necessarily 24 different NDP MLAs making those presentations, but there were 24

of them made by many NDP MLA representatives. I happened to have been one of

them, and I will return to that

part later.

With no doubt, there were a few members opposite who likewise made

representation to the commission — a few. The NDP as a party made representation

about maintaining effective representation for rural British Columbians. The

Liberal Party — no representation on this particular issue. All of this was

during this important, neutral period of time in which the commission was

obtaining data and obtaining impartial reactions from around the province.

From the public, there were few to no presentations made for more

seats to be added than what was provided in the existing legislation. As a

matter of fact, the existing legislation that the commission initiated their

independent inquiry on was based on an increase of up to six seats, from 79 to

[ Page 9307 ]

Contrary to debate earlier, on the introduction of the

legislation, it was up to 85 seats. It didn't mandate 85 seats. In the

presentations that were made by the public, many to most of those presentations

focused on the need for boundary adjustments, not the addition of additional

seats.

Returning to my area, which then became defined as part of the

Cariboo-Thompson by the electoral boundary, the case for the maintenance of

effective rural representation, which I was part of presenting before any report

was released by the commission — and I emphasize that — was presented based upon

the Cariboo's history, based upon any reduction in the Cariboo seats leading to

a dilution of first nations representation.

There is, Mr. Speaker, as you already know, a very significant

population of first nations in the Cariboo and, in particular, in my riding of

Cariboo South. Under the existing boundaries, population-wise, it is significant

in the overall total population.

I argued that adjustments to the boundaries for reduction of seats

in the broad area defined as being the Cariboo would reduce the effective

representation and, in a sub-argument, that it would reduce the effective

representation of first nations.

[1105]

Finally, I argued for effective representation on the difference

in style. Being a rookie MLA, I have discovered — learned, if you like, over the

last while, approximately two and a half years — that in my part of the world

the constituents of the Cariboo wish to deal with MLAs on a personal basis. They

wish to interact in that type of methodology — different but no more correct

than how other areas of the province interact with their MLAs.

Now, given the geography of where I'm from, further reduction in

the number of seats would reduce the effective representation of representing

the interests of people from the Cariboo.

Importantly, those arguments were made while the commission was

collecting data — not after, when the initial report was tabled. As everyone in

this House knows for sure, and as the people in British Columbia are learning,

once the initial report is tabled, you've had your first blush of what the

commission has in mind. You have, in essence — albeit in rough form — mapped out

where the commission intends to be going with the allocations of distribution of

power and representation here in the province. You have an insightful look upon

where the commission is going in its independent fashion.

At this moment in time, back in the Cariboo, I'm in the process of

travelling around my riding and drawing to the attention of local governments —

and anyone that I can talk with — that I am concerned about the proposal

contained in this report that reduces the effective representation for rural

British Columbia, emphasizing at all times that I respect the independence of

the commission in this very difficult job.

However, I am advising the constituents of Cariboo South that, in

my wisdom, now is the time in the process to step forward — if they have not

stepped forward earlier — and make the case to the independent commission that

adjustments need to be made in their initial report, remembering that the

commission had the ability to make adjustments of up to 85 seats.

While I'm in the process of doing that, the game changes. In

midstream, British Columbians, the game changes. I hear my colleagues from the

other side, like myself….

I was interviewed from the Cariboo-Thompson area by local media. I

argued for the concern of effective representation for rural B.C. being lost. I

did not hear any of my colleagues from the other side arguing for the effective

representation for rural British Columbians — not mentioned one time by any of

the MLAs from the Cariboo-Thompson area. After the report was made, not once did

I hear that.

Very shortly after that, the first and — I want to mention here —

importantly, the only public forum that was scheduled to be held in all of

British Columbia…. Before that had even taken place….

I then hear on the news, back in my part of the world, the

Cariboo-Thompson area, that an MLA or two from up north are now stepping forward

saying that they are concerned about their representation and that they will

make certain that whatever can be done within their power will be brought

forward to, in my assumption, the independent commission hearing.

[1110]

That public hearing was well attended. It was very well attended.

The people from the north, with some representation from the Cariboo area,

attended the meeting. At this one and only meeting there was concern now raised

about the representation for northern British Columbia. By definition within the

report, the Cariboo-Thompson area is distinctively different, as is the

Kootenays.

After that one and only report, the Premier makes an announcement

that there will be changes made to the legislation that governs how the

independent body of the Electoral Boundaries Commission will continue doing its

work.

It's at that point, after the first blush has been presented to

all of British Columbians, that the commission, not surprisingly to me,

announces: "Until we get our new marching orders, we're finished marching. We

can't march around the province and carry on with our public data collecting,

reaction to our initial report, when the Premier has announced: 'You don't know

what you're doing.'"

Interjection.

C. Wyse: It does make sense to me, hon. Member, that the

first aspect of interference in the process is significant, in my mind, for

concerns at this stage of the game. So I do mention that, without amendments to

Bill 39, it is not supportable in my mind.

Now, my hon. colleague — and I would like to be so bold as to

actually refer to him as my friend from the other side from Nanaimo-Parksville —

in his discussion talked about the impartiality of the debate and what took

place in this House and that it might be construed as though these concerns that

I'm raising with the Premier's interference only rest on this side of the House.

[ Page 9308 ]

I'm not that bright to come up with those types of conclusions

exclusively on my own. So I would like to introduce a couple of quotes here from

people who don't sit in this House, who are, in actual fact — surprise —

supporting the

interpretation that I am presenting here. Two quick quotes, if I

may.

From The Province , September 18, 2007. For those that may

be looking for the actual quotes themselves, I am going to change them and

remove surnames and insert the title of the individual so that, with the wisdom

that you have taught me, Mr. Speaker, I hope this is all within the rules of the

House on the debate.

The quote, with those modifications, reads:

"What is the Premier thinking here? Hmm, could it be

Liberal politics, perhaps?

"The Premier announced the new MLAs will represent

'growing regions of the province.' Based on census data, that likely means

Greater Vancouver, the Fraser Valley and the Okanagan will get the new MLAs.

What a coincidence that these areas are generally hotbeds of Liberal Party

support. Looks to me like the Premier is securing himself a three-peat in the

Premier's office.

"The Liberals will never admit such a thing, of

course. The Premier says this is all about protecting rural voters."

That's not my quote. I'm not that bright.

[1115]

My second quote is from the Globe and Mail on October 14,

2007, and it reads, again with the same modification in it:

"It's a bit of a mess. The Electoral Boundaries Commission

worked for 18 months and spent $3 million working on the new riding boundaries

under the law. It had hearings set for this fall.

"The Premier turned that upside down, and it's not

yet clear how it will be put back together. The legislation this fall will have

to answer the questions about how much freedom the commission will have under

his new plan. One way or another, it's going to cost more money."

That concludes my argument around the first point of why

there needs to be amendment to Bill 39, the Electoral Boundaries Commission

Amendment Act, 2007. At this point I wish to move on to the addition of the

eight new politicians.

Bill 39 increases the legislators from 79 to 87. As everyone in

this House knows, and as British Columbia is now becoming more familiar with,

the increase is mandated. It is mandated; it must be done. That is a significant

change from the first set of rules set up for this independent Boundaries

Commission to work under. They had the discretion to increase from 79 up to 85,

as they saw fit — after they had independently collected data from around the

province.

My understanding from the research that I have done is that when

the commission independently collected the data, there was not a stack of

requests for more MLAs. They did not have a stampede for that. As a matter of

fact, at the hearings that I attended, that was not mentioned. But I didn't

attend all hearings, so what would I know? That's why we were all part of

structuring a commission to do this task and to do it independently.

Looking at the effect, mandated with certainty, of these eight

additions to the Legislature, I would like to bring forward some third-party

validators, separate from within this House, in order once more to try and put

back the independence that this House at one time did have around this process.

[K. Whittred in the chair.]

I repeat, Madam Speaker, for your understanding, as well as for

the rest of British Columbia, that government in our system has to pass the

laws. One of the most difficult things to do in a democratic situation, in the

democratic process, is for government, at arm's length, to review how power is

going to be passed on in the elections and to do that in a fashion that there

will not be political interference in the process.

The third-party validators bring into the conversation the effect

of these eight new politicians. Mr. Michael Smyth in The Province on

September 18, 2007, wrote: "Eight more politicians on your payroll. Just what

you needed, right? Wrong. Speaking of fingers, I probably wouldn't need a single

one to count how many people have told me that more politicians are what's

needed to solve British Columbia's problems."

Likewise, from The Province , same date: "By the way, the

Legislature is bursting at the seams with 79 MLAs as it is. Expanding it to 87

will probably force hugely expensive renovations to the historic building.

That's more of your hard-earned tax dollars down the drain on one" — and a

change again — "of the Premier's loopiest ideas ever."

[1120]

Finally, from the Times Colonist editorial board: "Thumbs

down" — and, again, the editorial change — "to the Premier for undercutting the

Electoral Boundaries Commission with his decision to boost the province's number

of MLAs by eight. That's a lot of offices, salaries and pensions to add to the

tax burden of ordinary British Columbians." So you can see the logic, as all of

British Columbia can see the logic, of the two reasons so far for why this bill

requires amendments.

Now, my last argument is the dilution of rural representation. The

member opposite is correct. You cannot have it both ways. You cannot add eight

seats mandatorily to bring it up to 87 and maintain effective rural

representation. The dilution factor reduces the rural representation

percentagewise across the province. You have not, with this legislation,

achieved what these courts of Canada have said. You must provide effective

representation, and this legislation does not do that.

What it does do, and what British Columbia is becoming aware of,

is it provides the opportunity for gerrymandering. It provides the opportunity

for manipulating.

After the initial report has been presented, after the first blush

is known to all British Columbia and the initial lines are drawn on the

electoral boundary map, then the legislation comes in and superimposes how the

people of British Columbia will determine who their elected representatives are

in the future, whatever party they may belong to — not just simply the parties

here but all the parties of British Columbia. That independence, without

amendment to Bill 39, does not allow the legislation to be supported, in my

mind.

[ Page 9309 ]

H. Bloy: It's a pleasure to stand here today to speak in

favour of Bill 39.

Before I was elected I always thought that there were too many

politicians, maybe even in the world. We had lots of politicians, and I thought

we were getting overgoverned when we got city representatives. Then we were

getting regional representatives, and in all kinds of areas there seemed to be

more representatives and more bodies trying to represent the constituents of

this great province of British Columbia.

When I got to Victoria in 2001, yes, there were quite a few of us

— 79 to 2 in the Legislature — but as I started to travel the province and saw

the size of this huge province…. I was fortunate to serve on a number of

committees, and when I would speak to rural representatives, they would tell me

about making a five-hour drive, both ways, in a day to visit with constituents

that wanted to see them.

When members in this province talk about…. A member earlier today

spoke about rural people wanting to see their representative. They want to have

a hands-on, personal relationship with them. Well, that's no different than in

urban areas as well.

So a number of years ago I might have had a different thought, but

today I see the need for these representatives. I see the need for every

individual to be truly represented in this province and to have the opportunity

to call upon and to speak, when needed, to their representative in the

Legislature.

One vote should be equal to all, but things have changed so much

over the years that equal representation may be fewer voters per MLA in the

northern areas so that they communicate, versus in the urban areas. Even now in

the urban areas people don't know who their elected representative is. Most

people aren't interested in politics unless we show up in their back yard. Then

they'll debate whatever reason we're trying to change legislation.

[1125]

We need the representation in all areas of British Columbia. We

have to be fair to every person who lives in this province so that they can have

representation.

I'm hearing from the opposition that, prior to our introduction of

Bill 39, they were totally in favour of supporting rural representation. I'm

going to read some quotes out from them. They were in favour of retaining rural

representation even with the imbalance. Now for some reason, they're not in

favour of this. But here's what a number of people have had to say over the last

while about representation:

"We've been very vocal about saying that we shouldn't lose rural

representation. Not often the Premier and I agree, but on this one, we would

like to see rural seats remain. We don't think we should lose rural

representation." Carole James, Leader of the Opposition, October 13, 2007.

Interjections.

H. Bloy: I apologize for mentioning the name.

"Taking away democratic representation from these communities will

harm the entire province." Leader of the Official Opposition, September 2007.

"No one expected that there would be this amount of change. There's a long

history of the ridings in Victoria, so I think the public will really want to

get involved." Leader of the Opposition, August 2007.

"The increase in the number of seats in the Legislature from 79 to

possibly 85 will allow some retention in rural seats." The member for Columbia

River–Revelstoke, October 2007.

"I am delighted to speak in favour of Bill 14. I look forward to

this debate. I encourage every member in this House to participate." The member

for Nanaimo. "Rural communities are conscious of the fact that the numbers of

members they elect do not, in fact, provide a sufficient counterbalance to the

great numbers of members who come from urban areas." The member for Nanaimo.

"I do, in principle, support this bill. I think that it recognizes

changes in our population, the growth in the urban areas. Hopefully, it will

recognize the strength and the need for good rural voice. It reflects the change

in our character in British Columbia. Most importantly, it maintains a strong

balance for our parliamentary system." The member for North Island.

"I rise to speak in support of Bill 14. I am pleased that it

provides an opportunity for the appointment of a commission and very pleased

with the Attorney General's comment on ensuring that northern representation is

not undermined." The member for North Coast.

"On the whole, I think what this bill does is achieve that balance

of representation between rural British Columbia and urban British Columbia and,

from my own perspective, in terms of how we handle growth on the lower mainland,

which is crucial because that is not going to change." The member for Port

Coquitlam–Burke Mountain.

The last quote: "That is going to continue, and it's something we

have to make sure we address because, in the same way that we don't want rural

seats to disappear in redistribution, we also don't want to see the opposite,

where you have urban seats which become so large that they become very difficult

to service." The member for Port Coquitlam–Burke Mountain.

It's strange how, coming into this House and over time, people

will change. You know, you can admit to change. When I first came here, I

thought we were overrepresented. I support this bill because I've seen the work

that my colleagues do in this House, on all sides of this House, and how they're

out in the community. It's a seven-day-a-week job and long, long hours in the

day, and we need the people to represent.

This bill responds to the needs of all British Columbians for

effective representation in the Legislative Assembly. It ensures that most

geographically isolated regions of our province will not lose representation

while at the same time helping to balance the population disparities that exist

between rural and urban British Columbia.

[1130]

The commission, which has undertaken its task with care and

diligence, nevertheless believes that the best electoral map it could produce

under its current

[ Page 9310 ]

mandate required reducing representation in the north, Cariboo-Thompson and

Columbia-Kootenay regions.

The commission's preliminary report, delivered August 15,

recommends reducing electoral districts in those three regions by one each and

adding a total of five new districts in other regions of the province — the

Okanagan, Fraser Valley, Surrey, Tri-Cities, Vancouver — for a total electoral

district in the province of 81 seats. That was under the old legislation that

had a maximum of 85, and now we're going with the maximum of 87.

The response to the commission's report was swift and clear.

Citizens in the north, Cariboo-Thompson and Columbia-Kootenay regions were

deeply concerned about the proposed loss of electoral seats. Members of both

sides of the House echoed the very same concern.

The overriding issue is one of effective representation.

Determining electoral boundaries is a very difficult task in a province that is

as large and diverse as British Columbia. The vast majority of population is

centred in the lower mainland, southern Vancouver Island and Okanagan areas.

That leaves relatively fewer members to represent citizens in rural areas. In

particular, it means that rural electoral districts will grow increasingly

larger in area and are challenging for members of this House to represent

effectively and for citizens in those regions to have meaningful connection with

their elected representatives.

To give you an example, the proposed Northland electoral district

of the commission's preliminary report would be 255,000 square kilometres. Now,

I'm going to assume that could take quite a few hours to drive across, if you

could even drive across it diagonally. You know, I've heard stories of 18 hours

driving through two other electoral districts to get around your riding,

whereas

for myself in the urban area, even in rush hour I can be 20 minutes from one

side of my riding to the other.

That's a huge area. This is an area slightly larger than Great

Britain. While the population in this area is small, it is scattered over 25

different centres from Atlin in the extreme northwest of the province to

Chetwynd bordering the Peace River area. Similar difficulties would exist in

other proposed districts in these regions.

Urban areas face the opposite challenge. While the geographical

areas are small, the populations are larger and are frequently…. I've lost the

word.

G. Coons: Do you want another one of our quotes?

H. Bloy: Yeah, got a quote for me? Okay.

The ethnic populations are quite large, and many different

languages occur. The challenge for those of us in urban areas is to be

accessible to a large number of constituents who, because they live in

concentrated areas, may also have higher expectations that we are readily

available to them.

This attempts to strike a balance between the needs of people in

rural regions and those in more populous areas while still giving the commission

the independent flexibility it needs to produce a workable and well-considered

electoral map for British Columbia.

To that end, the commission will be required to ensure that there

is no reduction in the number of electoral districts in the region identified in

its preliminary report as the north, Cariboo-Thompson and Columbia-Kootenay. For

these three regions, the commission will not be bound by the 25-percent

population rule contained in the Electoral Boundaries Commission Act, although

it still must consider the principle of representation by population as well as

the history, geography and communities of interest that exist in these areas.

Some of the changes that were made, from stories I've heard in

speaking to colleagues, is that communities — which were traditionally, we'll

say, in the north, part of Prince George — were cut off and were now put in a

totally different electoral district. There were cities across a small pass that

were cut off from that community, where their representative became another 800

miles away instead of 100 miles away.

You know, communities have a centre. With smaller communities,

they go to a larger one. You're taking these smaller centres away from their

traditional base of doing business, going to meet their elected representatives.

[1135]

The effect of this requirement is that the north will continue to

be represented by eight members, the Cariboo-Thompson by five — and the

Columbia-Kootenay.

In determining electoral districts for the rest of the province,

the commission will continue to be bound by the rules established by the

Electoral Boundaries Commission Act, including the 25-percent population rule.

The commission will be instructed to propose a total of 87 electoral districts

for British Columbia. The addition of three districts in the more populous areas

of the province will help to balance the population disparities between urban

and rural areas.

They will not in themselves provide for voter parity. To achieve

that goal would require a massive increase in the size of the Legislative

Assembly. However, the three additional seats will help us get closer to that

goal.

To give the commission the flexibility it will need to make its

recommendations, the commission may adjust the boundaries of regions as it sees

fit. To help the commission complete its revised mandate, the bill provides for

the commission to submit an updated preliminary report by the end of January

2008 and a final report by April 15, 2008. This represents an extension of two

months overall from its previous reporting deadline.

The direction provided in this bill has precedents everywhere in

Canada. Saskatchewan's electoral boundary legislation requires that there be two

northern electoral districts above a specific dividing line and 55 districts in

the southern portion of the province. Those two northern ridings will exist

regardless of the population disparities that may exist between them and the

rest of the province.

On Prince Edward Island the French-speaking community of

Evangeline-Miscouche has long been recognized with its own electoral district

even though that requires a larger deviation from the population average — the

fundamental principle that should guide us in effective representation in the

Legislative Assembly.

[ Page 9311 ]

The Supreme Court of Canada, in upholding Saskatchewan's electoral

boundaries, made it clear that the right to vote guaranteed by

section 3 of the

Charter of Rights and Freedoms should be broadly considered.

As the chief justice said in his decision: "The concept of

absolute voter parity does not accord with the development of the right to vote

in the Canadian context and does not permit sufficient flexibility to meet the

practical difficulties inherent in representative government in a country such

as Canada. In the end, it is the broader concept of effective representation

which best serves the interests of a free and democratic society."

I want to end by saying that I support Bill 39. I support the

government. Coming to this House in 2001 and seeing what all members of this

House do to represent their constituents — the representation and the amount of

pride that my colleagues take in doing this work, spending seven days a week,

spending a lot of time away from their families and family commitments….

It's very hard on families to be a representative in this House. I

kind of divide my job into three. I spend one-third of my time in Victoria. I

spend one-third of my time in my riding constituency, and I spend one-third of

my time at social events.

I go to many social events. I eat a lot. Do I always eat well? You

know, I have to exercise even harder. Some members do a lot more socializing

than others. But we're all out there on a regular basis serving our

constituents.

Not to support this bill, not to give every constituent in the

province a fair chance at equal representation because…. I just want to quote

again from the chief justice on his decision with the Saskatchewan electoral

boundaries: "The concept of absolute voter parity does not accord with the

development of the right to vote in the Canadian context and does not permit

sufficient flexibility to meet the practical difficulties inherent in

representative government in a country such as Canada."

[1140]

I believe this sums up what we're talking about today. I would

encourage all members to support this bill. Madam Speaker, thank you very much

for the opportunity.

C. Puchmayr: Well, that was an interesting debate from the

previous speaker — to hear it put in the context of the workload of MLAs in our

region and talking about how a third of his time is spent at social events, and

that as a justification for more seats. I think there are many British

Columbians that don't benefit from having a lot of social events or invitations

to social events. If some of us could curtail some of that, maybe we'll require

fewer seats as opposed to more seats.

I'm pleased that they're getting up and speaking on the other

side, but every speaker on the other side has always addressed this in the

absolute same way. In the guise of putting back three seats that were going to

be removed from the north…. In the guise of that, they justify adding more seats

in areas that are very dense and areas that are very serviceable. So I see a lot

of consistency there.

Certainly, we're hearing over and over again that we need more

seats in the lower mainland because we're putting back three seats in the

interior or in the north. That just doesn't justify. The numbers don't play out.

You're actually diluting the votes in the north by adding more seats in the

lower mainland.

I did attend the hearing. It was in my community, and we were

encouraged to go. The commission wanted to hear from MLAs as to what they

thought of the workload, how their communities play out geographically, how easy

they are to deal with constituents in the communities. So I did attend.

I found it very interesting because the first part….If anyone did

attend, they created a little CD that they played, and it was sort of along the

lines of Mission: Impossible . The commissioners had their sunglasses and

their black suits on. Personally, I thought it was a little bit cheesy, but, you

know, whatever. It was probably a way of breaking the ice a little bit and

getting people to feel comfortable with the work of the commission. So along the

lines of Mission: Impossible — and I believe they even had the music

playing in the background — it showed who the commission was, what they were

mandated to do and what their time lines and time frames were.

Unfortunately, everything that this commission has done

self-destructed in 30 seconds after the end results weren't what the government

was anticipating. The end results could very well have changed the political

groundwork for British Columbia in the next election.

Suddenly the government decides that they have to come to the

defence of democracy by setting a new mandate for an independent commission?

That is odd — that somebody would go to that extent.

We all remember "Gracie's finger" back in the…. I think it was the

'80s. I was fairly young then. It was that little sliver into Point Grey.

Interjection.

C. Puchmayr: You were my age? You were never my age.

[Mr. Speaker in the chair.]

That little sliver into Point Grey. It secured a victory for a

Socred — Liberal, Socred, Conservative, whatever they were then — cabinet

minister. It secured a victory by adding a little bit of comfort and getting

some seats where they already knew those seats would predominantly vote Liberal.

[1145]

They looked at the previous election, they looked at the polls in

that area, and they said: "Well, these polls will show that if we add those

polls into her riding, the chances are that she will have enough seats to get

re-elected." That was called Gracie's finger. Well, this will make Gracie's

finger look like a hangnail.

I mean, this is adding seats in areas where Census Canada has

already showed the demographics of that area. Someone can look at the census.

They can look at the polls in those specific areas and say: "If we had more

seats directed towards that type of growth, the chances are that those will be

seats that have a more favourable opportunity of going Liberal than going for

the NDP."

[ Page 9312 ]

That is what gerrymandering is. It's when you make that kind of

system and add in sort of a direction that will get you a possible end result —

and all of this in the guise of protecting the north.

You know, both sides agree with protecting the north. The north

eliminated three seats. Two would have been NDP-held seats, and one would have

been a Liberal-held seat. So there was certainly an outcry from the community.

Because of the mass geography of the north, there was certainly an

outcry. The outcry was to not eliminate those seats and to keep those seats

intact so that the servicing of that vast geographic region could be done

without creating extra travel and more difficulty.

I'll share with you some statistics about the size of the north.

British Columbia is almost a million square kilometres — 944,735 square

kilometres, to be exact. It's just over four inhabitants per kilometre, and

that's including the lower mainland. So if you take that and break it off into

the northern region, you're going to have vast areas of many, many kilometres

with no inhabitants.

Yet there is a need for infrastructure. There is a need for roads

to get into mining and logging communities and resource communities. There's a

need for schools so that you can attract families to move into those areas and

to have their children come into those areas so that you can build healthy and

good communities. It's difficult to do that without an effective voice in

Victoria that can ensure that those services are in place and that can come to

Victoria and make sure their constituents are well represented.

The one million square kilometres is larger than Washington,

Oregon and California combined. That's a significant land mass. It is almost the

same size as Germany, the Netherlands and France combined. That certainly would

give a very strong argument for the reason that you would need to ensure that

you had representation in the north and you had adequate representation in the

north.

Remember that a large portion of the coastline of the Pacific west

is the United States and that we only have a small

section of that, from between

Alaska and Washington State. The coastline alone is 27,000 kilometres of

coastline, fjords and mountains — most of it uninhabited.

Yet a lot of it generates resources. It generates wealth that is

produced for the rest of British Columbia. It would be very difficult for

someone to argue that that vast area of coastline doesn't need representation

that will facilitate a proper goods movement, a proper infrastructure, proper

roads in and out of those areas so that we can generate some economic wealth for

the rest of British Columbia.

[1150]

British Columbia has 28 million acres of wilderness, if you can

imagine that. In a terrain that is mostly rugged and mountainous, it is very

significant. So for anyone to say that we need fewer MLAs representing those

areas of vast wilderness would be ludicrous. Both sides agree that we need to

retain the three MLAs in the north so that they can deal with this vast area of

wilderness that is, again, an economic driver for the rest of the province.

To sort of take everything that the independent commission has

done and turn it upside down, throw it all out, say to start over again, and

then add in this mandate is nothing short of gerrymandering. I mean, that is the

clear definition of gerrymandering. That is an absolute clear definition.

Both sides agree that we need the three in the north. So what

happens? Because we agreed that we shouldn't lose three in the north, those

other seats are thrown in there. That is not fair for an independent commission

to now be forced with making a decision that is inconsistent with the direction

that they were going. The areas in question are without a doubt important to all

of British Columbia. They are without a doubt very crucial areas that need some

very selective servicing.

Now, with the attendance that I did at the commission…. I was

thanked for my attendance because I was able to throw some light on what it's

like to service the constituency that I represent. New Westminster is intact.

One of the goals is to try at best to keep communities, cities intact — some

60,000 people and growing. I have an office with two full-time constituency

assistants. Often I have a social worker student that rotates in, and then I

have some volunteers that come in and do some work. They do some specific work

for us in our constituency office.

I'm able to walk from one end of my constituency to another in a

few hours. New Westminster is 11 square kilometres, or seven square miles. So

for me to go to meet someone in a hospital or in a care home is very accessible.

It's certainly a lot easier for me to accomplish than someone who has to drive,

as some of the speakers have said, five hours each way to meet a constituent in

the north.

For me, in my area, I find that my constituency is a lot of work —

granted. I agree. I probably don't go to as many social events as the previous

speaker does, but I like to focus very strongly and very hard on ensuring that

my constituents are well represented.

So for me, I do not see that adding seats in areas that are easily

serviced serves any benefit whatsoever, other than skewing the electoral

boundary and skewing the outcome of the next election.

My constituency has incredible challenges — challenges of growth,

challenges of traffic, challenges of hospitals and health care, challenges of

seniors aging and finding accommodation, challenges of homelessness and mental

illness, challenges of despair of the homeless and the mentally ill. Incredible

challenges. The fact that our city is so compact….

There are numerous groups that deal with those issues and can get

together on a regular basis. Some actually meet in my office. I have a community

space there. I set up a nice community office that's open and available for

non-partisan reasons.

[1155]

People are able to get together very quickly and discuss and deal

with issues in my community,

whereas in the north, to have a meeting on those

issues would take hours and hours of travel by not only the

[ Page 9313 ]

MLA but by other participants that are involved in trying to do what's best

for the community.

I should add that being the Labour critic for the opposition, I

often deal with constituents from some of the government side who the government

represents, who feel they're not being adequately represented by the government

with issues of WorkSafe, with issues of workers' rights and with issues that are

directed by policies that this government has introduced.

Not only am I servicing my constituents, I'm also dealing with

constituents from the other side. I am able to do so and do so in a very

professional manner because we have good staff, and we have an area that is

condensed, where I can even drive to Richmond and meet with someone who is

suffering from an issue and wants to meet with the Labour critic on that issue

in Richmond or in Surrey. So it's very easy for me to get around.

I don't buy the equation and the argument from the other side that

there is a need to increase seats. There is absolutely no need to increase seats

in this area. If any of the members on the other side…. I challenge them to go

outside. The first person you see that you don't know…. Ask them if they feel

there should be more MLAs in the Legislature. Just ask them that, and see what

the response is.

From everything I've read — from all the commissions, newspapers,

articles, what all the pundits have written — I haven't heard one person say:

"We need more MLAs." I've heard people say: "We need to keep the MLAs we have,

especially in the north." But I have never had anyone come up to me and say:

"Member, we need more MLAs in Victoria. Don't you agree?" No one is saying that,

so what purpose does this bill serve? What purpose does it serve?

Noting the hour, I would reserve the right to speak again.

C. Puchmayr moved adjournment of debate.

Motion approved.

Hon. C. Richmond moved adjournment of the House.

Motion approved.

Mr. Speaker: This House stands adjourned until 1:30 this

afternoon.

The House adjourned at 11:58 a.m.

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