(

a) A person who commits one or more of the crimes specified in subdivision (

c) against a person who is years of age or older, or against a person who is blind, deaf, developmentally disabled, a paraplegic, or a quadriplegic, or against a person who is under years of age, and that disability or condition is known or reasonably should be known to the person committing the crime, shall receive a one-year enhancement for each violation. (

b) A person who commits a violation of subdivision (

a) and who has a prior conviction for any of the offenses specified in subdivision (c), shall receive a two-year enhancement for each violation in addition to the sentence provided under

Section 667. (

c) Subdivisions (

a) and (

b) apply to the following crimes:

(1) Mayhem, in violation of

Section or 205.

(2) Kidnapping, in violation of

Section 207, 209, or 209.5.

(3) Robbery, in violation of

Section 211.

(4) Carjacking, in violation of

Section 215.

(5) Rape, in violation of paragraph (2) or (6) of subdivision (

a) of

Section 261.

(6) Rape, in violation of paragraph (1) or (4) of subdivision (

a) of former

Section 262.

(7) Rape or sexual penetration in concert, in violation of

Section 264.1.

(8) Sodomy, in violation of paragraph (2) or (3) of subdivision (c), or subdivision (d), of

Section 286.

(9) Oral copulation, in violation of paragraph (2) or (3) of subdivision (c), or subdivision (d), of

Section or of former

Section 288a.

(10) Sexual penetration, in violation of subdivision (

a) of

Section 289.

(11) Burglary of the first degree, as defined in

Section 460, in violation of

Section 459. (

d) As used in this section, “developmentally disabled” means a severe, chronic disability of a person, which is all of the following:

(1) Attributable to a mental or physical impairment or a combination of mental and physical impairments.

(2) Likely to continue indefinitely.

(3) Results in substantial functional limitation in three or more of the following areas of life activity: (

A) Self-care. (

B) Receptive and expressive language. (

C) Learning. (

D) Mobility. (

E) Self-direction. (

F) Capacity for independent living. (

G) Economic self-sufficiency.