(

a) The provisions of this

section apply to the highway transportation of hazardous materials and hazardous waste for which the display of placards or markings is required pursuant to

Section 27903. This

section does not apply to hazardous materials being transported on specified routes pursuant to

Section or 33000. (

b) Unless restricted or prohibited pursuant to

Section 31304, the transportation shall be on state or interstate highways which offer the least overall transit time whenever practicable. (

c) The transporter shall avoid, whenever practicable, congested thoroughfares, places where crowds are assembled, and residence districts as defined in

Section 515. (

d) Vehicles used for the transportation shall not be left unattended or parked overnight in a residence district as defined in

Section 515. (

e) When transporting hazardous waste pursuant to

Section 25169.3 of the Health and Safety Code, all provisions of the waste hauler transportation safety plan, as approved by the State Department of Health Services, shall be complied with. (

f) Transportation which deviates from the routes required by this

section shall not be excused on the basis of operating convenience. (

g) Notwithstanding subdivisions (

b) and (c), vehicles engaged in the transportation may also use any of the following highways:

(1) Highways which provide necessary access to local pickup or delivery points consistent with safe vehicle operation.

(2) Highways which provide reasonable access to fuel, repairs, rest, or food facilities that are designed and intended to accommodate commercial vehicle parking, when that access is consistent with safe vehicle operation and when the facility is within one-half road mile of points of entry or exit from the state or interstate highway being used.

(3) Highways restricted or prohibited pursuant to this

section when no other lawful alternative exists. (

h) This

section shall become operative on January 1, 1987.