2020 FCA 67, 2020 FCA 67

A-86-19 2020 FCA 67 Angang Steel Company Limited & Angang International Trade Corporation ( Applicants ) v. The President of the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA), ArcelorMittal Dofasco G.P. and Stelco Inc. ( Respondents ) Indexed as: Angang Steel Company Limited v. Canada (Border Services Agency) Federal Court of Appeal, Webb, Rennie and Mactavish JJ.A.—Ottawa, December 11, 2019; March 31, 2020.

Anti-dumping — Margin of dumping — Judicial review of final determination by Canada Border Services Agency President with respect to dumping of corrosion-resistant steel sheet — President determining normal value for products in question pursuant to ministerial specification made under Special Import Measures Act ( Act ), s. 29(1) — Margin of dumping 53.3 percent of export price — Applicants not submitting that margin of dumping insignificant — Submitting, inter alia, that President should not have used ministerial specification in determining margin of dumping, should have specified lower margin of dumping under Act , s. 41(1) (b)(i) — Whether final determination by President under Act , s. 41(1) (

b) can be set aside if margin of dumping less than amount specified by President — No basis to set aside final determination or to address use of ministerial specification to determine margin of dumping — Final determination of dumping not set aside where reduction in margin of dumping still resulting in margin not being insignificant — Amendments to Act , s. 41 changing focus to particular exporter rather than particular country — Not changing result that final determination of dumping cannot be set aside because margin of dumping for particular exporter less than amount as found by President if margin of dumping still significant — Two percent margin of dumping threshold for final determination that goods dumped — Parliament not intending that margin of dumping be used to calculate amount of anti-dumping duties imposed on already imported goods — Providing that anti-dumping duty amount to be determined separately — Information required to determine margin of dumping within knowledge of exporter — Applicants not arguing that margin of dumping insignificant if ministerial specification not used; rather, arguing margin should not be as large as President specified — Final determination made that margin of dumping not insignificant — No basis to set aside decision if result same, i.e. margin of dumping not insignificant — Application dismissed.

This was an application for judicial review of a final determination made by the President of the Canada Border Services Agency (President) with respect to the dumping of certain corrosion-resistant steel sheet from abroad. Information provided by the applicants did not sufficiently allow the President to determine the normal value and export prices for the products in question.

As a result and pursuant to a ministerial specification made under subsection 29(1) of the Special Import Measures Act ( Act ), the President determined that the normal value for the applicants was to be the export price plus an amount equal to 53.3 percent of that price. The margin of dumping was therefore 53.3 percent of the export price. The applicants did not submit that their margin of dumping was insignificant (i.e. less than 2 percent of the export price) but rather submitted, inter alia , that the President should not have used the ministerial specification to determine its margin of dumping.

The applicants further submitted that the President should have specified a lower margin of dumping under subparagraph 41(1) (b)(

i) of the Act . At issue was whether the final determination made by the President under paragraph 41(1) (

b) of the Act could be set aside if the margin of dumping, while still significant, would be less than the amount specified by the President. Held , the application should be dismissed. There was no basis to set aside the President’s final determination or to address the applicants’ submissions relating to the use of the ministerial specification under subsection 29(1) of the Act to determine their margin of dumping. The

interpretation of the Act as it related to the jurisdiction of the Court to set aside a final determination of dumping had to be determined. In Seah Steel Corporation v. Evraz Inc. NA Canada ( Seah Steel ) and in JFE Steel Corporation v. Evraz Inc. NA Canada ( JFE Steel ) the Court held that a final determination of dumping made by the President could not be set aside where a reduction in the margin of dumping would still result in the margin of dumping not being insignificant. When Seah Steel and JFE Steel were decided, the final determination was made with respect to a particular country. Subsequent amendments to

section 41 changed the focus to a particular exporter rather than a particular country. The amendments did not change the result that a final determination of dumping cannot be set aside by the Court simply because the margin of dumping for a particular exporter, rather than a particular country, would be less than the amount as found by the President, if the margin of dumping would still be significant. The threshold for the final determination that goods have been dumped under paragraph 41(1) (

b) of the Act is the finding that the margin of dumping is 2 percent or more. The textual analysis of the Act that was made supported the finding that the Court can only review the final determination of dumping (i.e. that the normal value exceeds the export price and this difference is not insignificant). Parliament did not intend that the margin of dumping would be used to calculate the amount of any anti-dumping duties that may be imposed on any goods that have already been imported.

Parliament did not provide that the amount of any anti-dumping duty that the Canadian International Trade Tribunal would impose on goods would be the amount as specified by the President under subparagraph 41(1) (b)(

i) of the Act . Rather, Parliament provided that the amount of such duty would be determined separately. The information required to determine the margin of dumping (and hence the anti-dumping duty) is information that is within the knowledge of the exporter. The calculation of the normal value is a matter that is dependent on the exporter’s information. The applicants did not argue that their margin of dumping, if the President had not used the ministerial specification, would be insignificant. Rather, the applicants simply argued that it should not be as large as the President had specified. Thus, the final determination under paragraph 41(1) (

b) of the Act was simply that the margin of dumping was not insignificant. There was no basis to set aside a decision of the President if the result would be the same (i.e. that the margin of dumping was not insignificant), even if the amount as specified by the President was greater than the amount that should have been specified.

STATUTES AND REGULATIONS CITED Federal Courts Rules , SOR/98-106 , Tariff B, Column III. Special Import Measures Act , R.S.C., 1985, c. S-15, ss. 2(1) “dumped”, “insignificant”, “margin of dumping”, 3–5, 15–23.1, 24–28, 29, 30, 30.2, 30.3, 31, 35, 37.1, 38, 39(1), 41, 42, 43, 55, 56–62, 96.1(1). Special Import Measures Regulations , SOR/84-927, s. 37.1(1) (c)(ii.1). TREATIES AND OTHER INSTRUMENTS CITED Agreement on the Implementation of

Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 , 1868 U.N.T.S. 201, Art. 5.8. Canada – Anti-Dumping Measures on Imports of Certain Carbon Steel Welded Pipe From the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu , WTO Doc WT / DS482 / R, art. 7.18, 7.19, 7.37. CASES CITED APPLIED: Canada Trustco Mortgage Co. v. Canada , 2005 SCC 54 , [2005] 2 S.C.R. 601; Seah Steel Corporation v. Evraz Inc. NA Canada , 2017 FCA 172 , [2017] F.C.J. No. 886 (QL); JFE Steel Corporation v. Evraz Inc. NA Canada , 2018 FCA 111 , [2018] F.C.J. No. 705 (QL). CONSIDERED: Uniboard Surfaces Inc. v.

Kronotex Fussboden GmbH and Co. KG , 2006 FCA 398 , [2007] 4 F.C.R. 101 . REFERRED TO: Tahmourpour v. Canada (Attorney General) , 2013 FCA 2 , [2013] F.C.J. No. 11 (QL). APPLICATION for judicial review of a final determination made by the President of the Canada Border Services Agency (Canada Border Services Agency, COR 2018 IN, February 6, 2019) with respect to the dumping of certain corrosion-resistant steel sheet from abroad. Application dismissed. APPEARANCES Paul M. Lalonde and Sean Stephenson for applicants. Jennifer Francis and Adrian Johnston for respondent President of the Canada Border Services Agency.

Paul Conlin and Ben Mills for respondent ArcelorMittal Dofasco G.P. SOLICITORS OF RECORD Dentons Canada LLP , Toronto, for applicants. Deputy Attorney General of Canada for respondent President of the Canada Border Services Agency. Conlin Bedard LLP , Ottawa, for respondents ArcelorMittal Dofasco G.P. and Stelco Inc. This is a public version of confidential reasons for judgment issued to the parties. The two are identical, there being no confidential information disclosed in the confidential reasons.

The following are the public reasons for judgment rendered in English by [ 1 ] Webb J.A.: Angang Steel Company Limited and Angang International Trade Corporation (collectively Angang) brought an application for judicial review under paragraph 96.1(1) (

b) of the Special Import Measures Act , R.S.C., 1985, c. S-15 ( SIMA ), in relation to the final determination of dumping made by the President (President) of the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) dated January 22, 2019 (Case number COR 2018 IN) Statement of reasons concerning the final determination with respect to the dumping of certain corrosion-resistant steel sheet from China, the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei), India and South Korea (the Final Determination).

The reasons for the Final Determination were released on February 6, 2019. [ 2 ] The President determined that the responses provided by Angang to the questionnaires that the President had circulated were not sufficient to allow the determination of the normal value and export prices for the products in question. As a result, the President determined the normal value and export price pursuant to a ministerial specification made under subsection 29(1) of SIMA . The normal value for Angang was determined to be the export price plus an amount equal to 53.3 percent of that export price.

The margin of dumping (which is the difference between the normal value and the export price) was therefore 53.3 percent of the export price. [ 3 ] For the reasons that follow, I would dismiss this application. I. Background [ 4 ] SIMA is the statute that provides for the imposition of anti-dumping and countervailing duties when goods are dumped into Canada. Goods imported into Canada are “dumped” (as defined in subsection 2(1) of SIMA ) when the normal value of the goods

exceeds the export price of such goods. The “margin of dumping” is defined in subsection 2(1) of SIMA as the difference between these two amounts. The normal value is determined in accordance with the provisions of sections 15 to 23.1 and 30 of SIMA and the export price is determined in accordance with the provisions of sections 24 to 28 and 30 of SIMA . If the normal value or export price cannot be determined in accordance with these provisions, then such amount is determined in the manner specified by the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness (Minister) (

section 29 of SIMA ). [ 5 ] An investigation with respect to the possible dumping of goods is initiated under subsection 31(1) of SIMA by the President, either on the President’s own initiative or following a complaint that satisfies the requirements of subsection 31(2) of SIMA . In general, there are two stages of a dumping investigation—preliminary and final—with a separation of responsibilities at each stage. If an investigation has not been terminated under

section 35 of SIMA , the President is responsible for the preliminary determination of the estimated margin of dumping for each exporter and the goods to which these apply (

section 38 of SIMA ). Within 90 days following the preliminary determination of dumping, the President must either: (

a) terminate the investigation if the President is satisfied that there is no dumping or the margin of dumping is insignificant ( paragraph 41(1) (

a) of SIMA ); or (

b) if the investigation is not terminated, make a final determination that goods have been dumped and specify for each exporter the margin of dumping and the goods to which the determination applies ( paragraph 41(1) (

b) of SIMA ). [ 6 ] “Insignificant” is defined in subsection 2(1) of SIMA . This definition, in relation to a margin of dumping, reads:

Definitions 2(1) … insignificant means, (

a) in relation to a margin of dumping, a margin of dumping that is less than two per cent of the export price of the goods. [ 7 ] The Canadian International Trade Tribunal (CITT) is responsible for making an inquiry and a preliminary determination of whether the dumping has caused injury or is threatening to cause injury ( sections 37.1 and 42 of SIMA ). The CITT is also tasked with making any applicable order or finding as provided in

section 43 of SIMA following a final determination made by the President. Anti- dumping duties are imposed under sections 3 to 5 of SIMA as a result of an order or finding made by the CITT. The final determination made by the President, in and of itself, does not result in the imposition of anti-dumping duties. [ 8 ]

Section 30.2 of SIMA provides that the margin of dumping in relation to any goods of a particular exporter is the amount determined by subtracting the weighted average export price of the goods from the weighted average normal value of the goods. If this result is a negative number, the margin of dumping is zero. If it is impractical to determine the margin of dumping for all goods under consideration, the margin may be determined based on a sample as provided in

section 30.3 of SIMA . [ 9 ] SIMA sets out strict time limits within which the amounts must be determined by the President. Under subsection 38(1) of SIMA , the President must make a preliminary determination of dumping between the sixtieth and the ninetieth day after the initiation of an investigation under

section 31 of SIMA (unless the President extends the time by 45 days as provided in subsection 39(1) of SIMA for the reasons as set out in that subsection). Within 90 days of making the preliminary determination of dumping under subsection 38(1) of SIMA , the President must make the final determination of dumping under

section 41 of SIMA . [ 10 ] The normal value of goods is to be determined based on the price of like goods that are sold to the persons and in the circumstances as set out in

section 15 of SIMA . If there are insufficient qualifying sales of like goods, the normal value, subject to

section 20 of SIMA , is determined either by using the price at which like goods are sold to other countries or by using the cost of production and adding a reasonable amount for administrative, selling and all other costs and a reasonable amount for profits (

section 19 of SIMA ). [ 11 ] If the President is of the opinion that insufficient information has been provided to allow the determination of the normal value or the export price, the amount to be used for such normal value or export price is the amount to be determined in the manner specified by the Minister.

In this case, although the President used the information submitted by Angang to estimate the margin of dumping for the preliminary determination of dumping, the President, in making the Final Determination, had the opinion that the information received from Angang was not sufficient to allow a calculation of the margin of dumping (paragraph 141 of the reasons for the Final Determination). [ 12 ] The normal value and export price for Angang (who was included in the group identified as “All Other Exporters – China” in the reasons for the Final Determination) was determined pursuant to a ministerial specification under subsection 29(1) of SIMA (paragraphs 176 to 184 of those reasons).

The normal value was determined to be the export price plus an amount equal to 53.3 percent of that export price (paragraph 182). The margin of dumping was, therefore, specified to be 53.3 percent of the export price (paragraph 184). II. Issue [ 13 ] In this application, Angang does not submit its margin of dumping is insignificant (i.e. less than 2 percent of the export price). Rather, it submits that the President should not have used the ministerial specification under subsection 29(1) of SIMA to determine its margin of dumping.

Angang’s submission, therefore, is that the President should have specified a lower margin of dumping under subparagraph 41(1) (b)(

i) of SIMA for Angang (even though such revised amount would still be 2 percent or more of the export price). [ 14 ] The issue in this application is whether this Court has the jurisdiction to set aside a final determination made by the President under paragraph 41(1) (

b) of SIMA when the exporter, in relation to whom such determination was made, does not provide any basis for finding that the margin of dumping would be insignificant. To put this another way, can the final determination of the President under

paragraph 41(1) (

b) of SIMA be set aside if the margin of dumping, while still significant, would be less than the amount specified by the President? [ 15 ] The issue in this case is, therefore, the

interpretation of SIMA as it relates to the jurisdiction of this Court to set aside a final determination of dumping. III. Analysis [ 16 ] Statutory provisions are to be interpreted based on a textual, contextual and purposive analysis ( Canada Trustco Mortgage Co. v. Canada , 2005 SCC 54 , [2005] 2 S.C.R. 601, at paragraph 10 ). A. Textual Analysis [ 17 ] The starting point for the analysis, in this case, is subsection 96.1(1) of SIMA . This provision sets out the right to apply to this Court to review and set aside the Final Determination that is in issue in this application: Application for judicial review 96.1

(1) Subject to

section 77.012 or 77.12, an application may be made to the Federal Court of Appeal to review and set aside … (

b) a final determination of the President under paragraph 41(1) (b). [ 18 ] In Seah Steel Corporation v. Evraz Inc. NA Canada , 2017 FCA 172 , [2017] F.C.J. No. 886 (QL) and in JFE Steel Corporation v. Evraz Inc. NA Canada , 2018 FCA 111 , [2018] F.C.J. No. 705 (QL), this Court held that a final determination of dumping made by the President under

section 41 of SIMA could not be set aside where a reduction in the margin of dumping would still result in the margin of dumping not being insignificant. For example, a reduction in the margin of dumping from 50 percent to 10 percent would not change the result that the margin of dumping was not insignificant, i.e. it was not less than 2 percent of the export price. [ 19 ] Angang submits that SIMA has been amended and that Seah Steel and JFE Steel are no longer applicable. The particular amendments to which Angang refers are the amendments made to

section 41 of SIMA . When Seah Steel and JFE Steel were decided, the final determination was made with respect to a particular country. The question was whether a particular country was dumping goods and whether the margin of dumping of the goods of the particular country was insignificant. The focus has now changed to a particular exporter rather than a particular country. [ 20 ]

Section 41 of SIMA now provides: Final determination or termination 41

(1) Within 90 days after making a preliminary determination under subsection 38(1), the President shall (

a) terminate the investigation in respect of any goods of a particular exporter if, on the available evidence, the President is satisfied that there has been no dumping or subsidizing of the goods or that the margin of dumping of, or amount of subsidy on, those goods is insignificant; and (

b) make a final determination of dumping or subsidizing in respect of the goods that are the subject of the investigation and for which the investigation has not been terminated under paragraph (

a) if, on the available evidence, the President is satisfied that there has been dumping or subsidizing and the President shall specify, in relation to each exporter of goods in respect of which the investigation is made, as follows: (

i) in the case of dumped goods, the goods to which the determination applies and the margin of dumping of the goods, and (ii) in the case of subsidized goods, (

A) the goods to which the determination applies, (

B) the amount of subsidy on the goods, and (

C) subject to subsection (2), if the whole or any part of the subsidy on the goods is a prohibited subsidy, the amount of the prohibited subsidy on the goods. [ 21 ] In interpreting

section 41 of SIMA , the first step is to examine the text of this provision. As a result of the amendments made to

section 41 , the first decision of the President is whether the investigation is to be terminated with respect to a particular exporter under paragraph 41(1) (

a) of SIMA . The investigation is to be terminated if the President is satisfied that there has been no dumping of the goods by that particular exporter or that the margin of dumping of those goods by that particular exporter is insignificant. Under subsection 2(1) of SIMA , “ dumped , in relation to any goods, means that the normal value of the goods exceeds the export price thereof”. Therefore , goods are dumped if the normal value exceeds the export price of such goods, regardless of the amount of such difference.

Once it has been determined that the normal value exceeds the export price, then the investigation with respect to the particular exporter can only be terminated if the President is satisfied that the margin of dumping of that exporter is less than 2 percent of the export price. Any margin of dumping that is 2 percent or more would mean that the investigation cannot be terminated under paragraph 41(1) (

a) of SIMA . [ 22 ] Paragraph 96.1(1) (

b) of SIMA provides that an application may be made to this Court “ to review and set aside … a final determination of the President under paragraph 41(1) (b)” (emphasis added). The only reference to a final determination in paragraph

41(1) (

b) is in the opening part of this paragraph: “the President shall … (

b) make a final determination of dumping or subsidizing” . This final determination is to be made “in respect of the goods that are the subject of the investigation and for which the investigation has not been terminated under paragraph (a)” . The second part of this sentence simply identifies the goods to which the final determination will apply. [ 23 ] The only condition that is imposed on the President in making this final determination is “if, on the available evidence, the President is satisfied that there has been dumping or subsidizing” . As noted above, “dumped” is defined in subsection 2(1) of SIMA :

Definitions 2 (1) … dumped , in relation to any goods, means that the normal value of the goods exceeds the export price thereof . [ 24 ] It is not clear why this condition is in paragraph (

b) since under paragraph (

a) the President must terminate an investigation if the President is satisfied that there has been no dumping. Therefore, in order for paragraph (

b) to be applicable, the President must have been satisfied that there has both been dumping and that the margin of dumping is not insignificant (i.e. that the margin of dumping is 2 percent or more of the export price). [ 25 ] Paragraph 41(1) (

b) of SIMA imposes an additional obligation on the President. The text of the paragraph first provides that the President shall make a final determination of dumping and then continues with the second obligation requiring the President to specify the particular goods and the margin of dumping: Final determination or termination 41 (1) … the President shall … (

b) make a final determination of dumping … and the President shall specify, in relation to each exporter of goods in respect of which the investigation is made, as follows: (

i) in the case of dumped goods, the goods to which the determination applies and the margin of dumping of the goods …. [ 26 ] The text requires separate actions of the President—the making of a final determination of dumping and the specification of the particular goods and the margin of dumping. The right of review provided in paragraph 96.1(1) (

b) of SIMA is specific and only applies to the final determination of the President. [ 27 ] Angang submits that the amendments to

section 41 are significant because the focus has changed from finding that a country is dumping to finding that a particular exporter is dumping. While the amendments to this

section have changed the focus of the final determination from the country to the particular exporter, the threshold for the final determination has remained the same, i.e. whether the margin of dumping is insignificant. [ 28 ] In my view, the change in the wording of

section 41 does not change the result that a final determination of dumping cannot be set aside by this Court simply because the margin of dumping for a particular exporter, rather than a particular country, would be less than the amount as found by the President, if the margin of dumping would still be significant. The threshold for the final determination that goods have been dumped under paragraph 41(1) (

b) of SIMA is the finding that the margin of dumping is 2 percent or more. The same final determination that the goods of a particular exporter have been dumped and that the margin of dumping is not insignificant will be found whether the margin of dumping is 15 percent or 50 percent. [ 29 ] Therefore, the textual analysis supports the finding that this Court can only review the final determination of dumping (i.e. that the normal value exceeds the export price and this difference is not insignificant). There would be no basis to set aside the Final Determination if this result would still be the same. B.

Contextual and Purposive Analysis [ 30 ] Angang submits that the purpose for the amendments that were made to

section 41 is to address a concern related to the previous version of

section 41 identified in a decision of a panel of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The panel found that the previous version of this

section (which is based on a determination that a country was dumping) was not in compliance with

Article 5.8 of the Agreement on the Implementation of

Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 , 1868 U.N.T.S. 201 (Anti-Dumping Agreement).

Article 5.8 provides: 5.8 An application under paragraph 1 shall be rejected and an investigation shall be terminated promptly as soon as the authorities concerned are satisfied that there is not sufficient evidence of either dumping or of injury to justify proceeding with the case. There shall be immediate termination in cases where the authorities determine that the margin of dumping is de minimis , or that the volume of dumped imports, actual or potential, or the injury, is negligible. The margin of dumping shall be considered to be de minimis if this margin is less than 2 per cent, expressed as a percentage of the export price…. [ 31 ] The application referred to in

Article 5.8 is an application that initiates an investigation of alleged dumping. The WTO panel in Canada – Anti-Dumping Measures on Imports of Certain Carbon Steel Welded Pipe From the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu , WTO Doc WT / DS482 / R (Panel Report) noted: 7.18 The parties agree that the second sentence of

Article 5.8 requires immediate termination of an investigation in the event that the “margin of dumping” is de minimis . The parties disagree whether the “margin of dumping” that triggers immediate termination

relates to the exporting country as a whole, or to each exporter or producer individually. This is the issue that we must resolve. 7.19 The same issue was addressed by the panel and Appellate Body in Mexico –Anti-Dumping Measures on Rice . Both the panel and the Appellate Body found that the term “margin of dumping” in

Article 5.8 refers to the individual margin of dumping of an exporter or producer rather than to a country-wide margin of dumping. The panel noted that

Article 6.10 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement provides that “the authorities shall, as a rule, determine an individual margin of dumping for each known exporter or producer concerned of the product under investigation…. … 7.37 We recall our view that the second sentence of

Article 5.8, when read in light of the context of the phrase “margin of dumping” as used in other provisions of the Anti-Dumping Agreement, requires immediate termination of an investigation in respect of exporters that have individual de minimis margins of dumping. We further recall that this approach is consistent with the decisions of the panel and Appellate Body regarding the same issue in Mexico – Anti-Dumping Measures on Rice . For the reasons explained above, we find that Canada has failed to establish that there are cogent reasons for us to depart from those decisions. We therefore uphold Chinese Taipei’s claim that Canada violated the second sentence of

Article 5.8 by failing to immediately terminate the investigation in respect of two Chinese Taipei exporters with de minimis margins of dumping. [Footnotes omitted.] [ 32 ] It seems clear that the main concern of

Article 5.8 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement and the WTO panel decision was a lack of a requirement in SIMA to immediately terminate an investigation in relation to a particular exporter if the margin of dumping, as found for that exporter, was de minimis . As noted, “ de minimis ” means less than 2 percent of the export price. The concern of the WTO panel has, therefore, been addressed by the addition of paragraph 41(1) (

a) of SIMA , which provides for the termination of an investigation if the margin of dumping for a particular exporter is insignificant. This decision is, however, of little assistance in interpreting paragraph 41(1) (

b) of SIMA and, in particular, whether this Court could set aside a final determination of dumping if the exporter is not alleging that the margin of dumping applicable to that exporter is not insignificant, but rather that the margin of dumping should be less than the amount specified by the President. [ 33 ] As part of the context, it is important to identify the relevance of the margin of dumping as specified by the President under subparagraph 41(1) (b)(

i) of SIMA . As noted above, paragraph 41(1) (

b) of SIMA provides that a final determination of dumping is to be made for any goods that are the subject of an investigation that has not been terminated under paragraph (a). The second obligation of the President under this paragraph is to specify, with respect to each exporter, the goods to which the determination of dumping applies and the margin of dumping of the goods. However, the particular margin of dumping that is specified for a particular exporter, as discussed below, is not used to determine the amount of any anti-dumping duty that may be imposed following a finding by the CITT.

Rather, this specification of the margin of dumping allows the President to determine that the margin of dumping for a particular exporter is not insignificant. [ 34 ] As noted above, anti-dumping duties are not imposed by the President on goods but rather on goods in respect of which the CITT has made an order or finding (

section 3 of SIMA ). Following the final determination of dumping by the President, the CITT is to make a determination of whether the dumped goods have caused injury or threaten to cause injury. If such finding is made, then, and only then, would anti-dumping duties be imposed. [ 35 ] The limited role that the margin of dumping, as specified by the President under subparagraph 41(1) (b)(

i) of SIMA , plays under SIMA is confirmed in the reasons for the Final Determination. In paragraph 255 of these reasons, it is noted: If the CITT finds that the dumped goods have caused injury, the anti-dumping duty payable on the subject goods released by the CBSA during the provisional period will be finalized pursuant to

section 55 of SIMA . Imports released by the CBSA after the date of the CITT’s finding will be subject to anti-dumping duty equal to the margin of dumping. [ 36 ]

Section 55 of SIMA reads: Determination by designated officer 55

(1) Where the President (

a) has made a final determination of dumping or subsidizing under subsection 41(1) with respect to any goods, and (

b) has, where applicable, received from the Tribunal an order or finding described in any of sections 4 to 6 with respect to the goods to which the final determination applies, the President shall cause a designated officer to determine, not later than six months after the date of the order or finding, (

c) in respect of any goods referred to in subsection (2), whether the goods are in fact goods of the same description as goods described in the order or finding, (

d) the normal value and export price of or the amount of subsidy on the goods so released, and (

e) where

section 6 or 10 applies in respect of the goods, the amount of the export subsidy on the goods. [ 37 ] This

section provides that the President is to designate another person to determine the normal value and export price, i.e. the margin of dumping, for any goods that have been released ( subsections 55(1) and (2) of SIMA ). If Parliament had intended that the margin of dumping, as determined by the President in making the Final Determination, would also be used to impose any anti-dumping duty on goods that have been released,

section 55 of SIMA could have provided for this result. However, this

section provides that the President is to designate another officer to make this determination within six months of the date of the order or finding of the CITT.

[ 38 ] As a result, it is clear that Parliament did not intend that the margin of dumping, as determined by the President in making any final determination of dumping, would be used to calculate the amount of any anti-dumping duties that may be imposed on any goods that have already been imported. The granting of an additional six months in

section 55 of SIMA for the designated officer to make the determinations of the normal value and export price also supports a finding that Parliament did not intend that the designated officer simply use the amounts as specified by the President under subparagraph 41(1) (b)(

i) of SIMA . Six months would not be required to determine the margin of dumping if the margin of dumping as specified by the President under subparagraph 41(1) (b)(

i) of SIMA was to be used. [ 39 ] As noted in paragraph 255 of the reasons, for any goods imported after the CITT has made a finding of injury, the amount of duty will be the margin of dumping. This term is defined in subsection 2(1) of SIMA :

Definitions 2 (1) … margin of dumping , in relation to any goods, means, subject to sections 30.2 and 30.3, the amount by which the normal value of the goods exceeds the export price of the goods. [ 40 ]

Section 56 of SIMA contemplates that a designated officer will be making a determination of the normal value and export price for any goods that are imported after the CITT has made an order or a finding.

Section 56 does not state that the margin of dumping will be the amount as specified by the President in making the final determination of dumping. Sections 56 to 62 of SIMA set out the rights of re-determination and appeal applicable to any determination made under subsection 55(1) or subsection 56(1) of SIMA . [ 41 ] Therefore, Parliament did not provide that the amount of any anti-dumping duty that will be imposed on goods by the CITT would be the amount as specified by the President under subparagraph 41(1) (b)(

i) of SIMA . Rather, Parliament provided that the amount of such duty would be determined separately. [ 42 ] It is important to note that the information required to determine the margin of dumping (and hence the anti-dumping duty) is information that is within the knowledge of the exporter. The amount of the anti-dumping duty is the difference between the normal value and the export price (section 3 of SIMA and the definition of the margin of dumping in subsection 2(1) of SIMA ). The normal value is generally the price at which the particular exporter sells like goods to an arm’s length purchaser (

section 15 of SIMA ). There are a number of rules related to this determination, including the possibility of determining the normal value based on the cost of production plus an amount for administration and profit (

section 19 of SIMA ). The calculation of the normal value is a matter that is dependent on the exporter’s information and, therefore, should be within the knowledge of the exporter. [ 43 ] The export price is the particular exporter’s selling price, subject to certain adjustments.

The determination of the export price is also a matter that should be within the knowledge of the particular exporter. [ 44 ] Therefore, the exporter should be able to establish the normal value and the export price to the designated officer who will be determining these amounts for the purpose of calculating the amount of any anti-dumping duty. [ 45 ] As a result of the relatively short timeframes within which the President is to make a preliminary determination and a final determination, the process has been described as “a race against the clock” ( Uni board Surfaces Inc. v. Kronotex Fussboden GmbH and Co.

KG , 2006 FCA 398 , [2007] 4 F.C.R. 101 , at paragraph 45 ). The imposition of such time restraints supports the conclusion that the purpose for specifying the margin of dumping under paragraph 41(1) (

b) is to confirm that the margin of dumping for a particular exporter is not insignificant and not to calculate the amount of any anti-dumping duty that may subsequently be imposed. As noted above, the additional six months following an order or finding of the CITT for a designated officer to determine the margin of dumping for goods that were released before such order or finding under

section 55 of SIMA also supports this conclusion. [ 46 ] It is clear that Parliament did not intend that the margin of dumping, as specified by the President, would be used to impose the anti-dumping duty. There are no direct legal consequences of changing the margin of dumping from one amount, which would be 2 percent or more of the export price, to another, albeit different, amount, but which would also be 2 percent or more of the export price.

Whether the margin of dumping is, for example, 15 percent or 50 percent, it is still above the de minimus threshold amount (less than 2 percent) under SIMA for determining if a margin of dumping is insignificant. [ 47 ] Subparagraph 37.1(1) (c)(ii.1) of the Special Import Measures Regulations , SOR/84-927 , provides that “the magnitude of the margin of dumping” is a factor that may be considered in determining whether the dumping of goods has caused injury or retardation.

In this application, Angang has not made any submissions related to whether the magnitude of the margin of dumping was a factor that was relevant in any CITT decision. Nor has Angang made any submission that if its margin of dumping were to be less than the amount specified by the President, it could or would have an impact on any decision that the CITT has made in this case. [ 48 ] As a result, under SIMA , the final determination that is made by the President and which is the subject of a review by this Court is the final determination of dumping in paragraph 41(1) (

b) of SIMA . This determination will not change unless the margin of dumping is insignificant. In other situations, this Court has held that matters will not be sent back to a tribunal where the result is inevitable, even if errors were made in reaching a decision ( Tahmourpour v. Canada (Attorney General) , 2013 FCA 2 , [2013] F.C.J. No. 11 (QL)). As noted above, Angang has not argued that its margin of dumping, if the President had not used the ministerial specification, would be insignificant. Rather, Angang is simply arguing that it should not be as large as the President has specified. IV.

Conclusion [ 49 ] In my view, the final determination of dumping that could be reviewed and set aside by this Court is the final determination that goods have been dumped. Since an investigation will be terminated under paragraph 41(1) (

a) of SIMA if the margin of dumping is insignificant, the final determination under paragraph 41(1) (

b) of SIMA is simply that the margin of dumping is not insignificant. There is no basis to set aside a decision of the President if the result would be the same (i.e. that the margin of dumping is not insignificant),

even if the amount as specified by the President is greater than the amount that should have been specified. Since Angang has not submitted that its margin of dumping would be insignificant, there is no basis to set aside the Final Determination or to address its submissions related to the use of the ministerial specification under subsection 29(1) of SIMA to determine its margin of dumping. [ 50 ] As a result, I would dismiss this application with costs. The costs are to be assessed using the mid-range of Column III of Tariff B of the Federal Courts Rules , SOR/98-106 . Rennie J.A. : I agree.

Mactavish J.A. : I agree. FEDERAL COURT OF APPEAL NAMES OF COUNSEL AND SOLICITORS OF RECORD APPLICATION FOR JUDICIAL REVIEW OF A FINAL DETERMINATION OF DUMPING MADE BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE CANADA BORDER SERVICES AGENCY DATED JANUARY 22, 2019, (COR 2018 IN) DOCKET: A-86-19 STYLE OF CAUSE: ANGANG STEEL COMPANY LIMITED & ANGANG INTERNATIONAL TRADE CORPORATION v. THE PRESIDENT OF THE CANADA BORDER SERVICES AGENCY (CBSA), ARCELORMITTAL DOFASCO G.P. and STELCO INC. PLACE OF HEARING: Ottawa, Ontario DATE OF HEARING: December 11, 2019 PUBLIC REASONS FOR JUDGMENT BY: WEBB J.A. CONCURRED IN BY: RENNIE J.A. MACTAVISH J.A.

DATED: MARCH 31, 2020 APPEARANCES : Paul M. Lalonde Sean Stephenson For The Applicants Jennifer Francis Adrian Johnston For The Respondent THE PRESIDENT OF THE CANADA BORDER SERVICES AGENCY (CBSA) Paul Conlin R. Benjamin Mills For The Respondent ARCELORMITTAL DOFASCO G.P. SOLICITORS OF RECORD : Dentons Canada LLP Toronto, Ontario For The Applicants Nathalie G. Drouin Deputy Attorney General of Canada For The Respondent THE PRESIDENT OF THE CANADA BORDER SERVICES AGENCY (CBSA) Conlin Bedard LLP Ottawa, Ontario For The Respondents ARCELORMITTAL DOFASCO G.P. and STELCO INC.