PAULA ANDREA ALZATE RAMIREZ MARTINA BURGOS ALZATE SARA BURGOS ALZATE TOMAS BURGOS ALZATE Applicants v. THE MINISTER OF CITIZENSHIP, 2021 FC 285

Date: 20210401 Docket: IMM-7272-19 Citation: 2021 FC 285 St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, April 1, 2021 PRESENT: The Honourable Madam. Justice Heneghan BETWEEN:PAULA ANDREA ALZATE RAMIREZ MARTINA BURGOS ALZATE SARA BURGOS ALZATE TOMAS BURGOS ALZATEApplicantsandTHE MINISTER OF CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATIONRespondent JUDGMENT AND REASONS [1] Ms.

Paula Andrea Alzate Ramirez (the "“Principal Applicant”") and her minor children Martina Burgos Alzate, Sara Burgos Alzateand Tomas Burgos Alzate (collectively the "“Applicants”") seek judicial review of the decision of the Immigration and Refugee Board ,Refugee Appeal Division (the "“RAD”"), dismissing their appeal from a decision of the Immigration and Refugee Board, RefugeeProtection Division (the "“RPD”"). The RAD confirmed the decision of the RPD, finding that the Applicants are not Conventionrefugees nor persons in need of protection within the meaning of

section 96 and subsection 97(1), respectively, of the Immigration andRefugee Protection Act, S.C. 2001, c. 27 (the "“Act”"). [2] The Principal Applicant is a citizen of Columbia, her children are citizens of Argentina. [3] The Principal Applicant based her claim for protection on the grounds of domestic violence perpetrated by her former husband, acitizen of Argentina, both during and after her marriage, and alleged that state protection in Argentina was not available to her.

The RADdetermined that the Principal Applicant had failed to rebut the presumption that state protection was available and noted the evidence ofsuch protection as demonstrated by government programs. [4] In support of her appeal, the Principal Applicant submitted letters from two lawyers in Argentina, addressing the unavailability ofstate protection.

These letters were accepted by the RAD as "“new evidence”" within the meaning of subsection 110(4) of the Act. [5] The Applicants argue that the decision is unreasonable and among other things, that the RAD failed to consider all the evidencesubmitted relative to the ineffectiveness of state protection. [6] The Minister of Citizenship and Immigration (the "“Respondent”") submits that the Applicants are merely seeking reassessment ofthe evidence and that judicial intervention is unwarranted. [7] Further to the recent decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v.

Vavilov(2019), 2019 SCC 65 , 441 D.L.R. (4th) 1 (S.C.C.), the standard of reasonableness presumptively applies to administrativedecisions, including decisions made under the Act, except where legislative intent or the rule of law suggests otherwise; see Vavilov,supra at paragraph 23. [8] In considering reasonableness, the Court is to ask if the decision under review "“bears the hallmarks of reasonableness – justification,transparency and intelligibility – and whether it is justified in relation to the relevant factual and legal constraints that bear on thedecision”"; see Vavilov, supra at paragraph 99. [9] The Principal Applicant did not seek protection because she feared the consequences from her former husband and considered theattempt to be pointless. [10] The RAD addressed the objective evidence about state resources for protection against domestic violence.

It also considered thepersonal circumstances of the Principal Applicant. It concluded that she had not shown that state agencies and actors would not provideprotection against her former husband. [11] The RAD did not accept the Applicants’ argument that asking for state protection would be useless; it considered the objectiveevidence provided about state protection, as well as the new evidence submitted. It is not the role of the RAD to show that stateprotection is not available or is ineffective; see the decision of the Federal Court of Appeal in Mudrak v.

Canada (2016), 2016 FCA 178, 485 N.R. 186 (F.C.A.). [12] While the failure of a person to seek state protection is not determinative of a claim for protection, it is a relevant fact in determininga claim for protection; see the decision in Sandoval v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship & Immigration), 2008 FC 868. The decision of

the Supreme Court of Canada in Ward v. Canada (Minister of Employment & Immigration) , [1993] S.C.R. 689 (S.C.C.) remains applicable, that a person seeking Convention refugee status carries the burden of meeting both a subjective and objective standard of proof that he or she is at risk. [ 13 ] I am not persuaded that the Principal Applicant has discharged her burden to show that, objectively, she cannot receive protection from the government of Argentina. That legal burden is hers; see the decision in Novak v.

Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) , 2015 FC 9 . [ 14 ] I am not satisfied that the RAD ignored the new evidence, that is the legal opinions about the availability of state protection in Argentina, against domestic violence.

The legal opinions are more in the nature of advocacy than " “evidence” " about the unavailability of state protection. [ 15 ] I am satisfied that the decision of the RAD meets the applicable standard of reasonableness, and that its conclusion falls within a range of acceptable outcomes that is defensible upon the law and the facts. [ 16 ] In the result, the application for judicial review is dismissed, there is no question for certification arising. JUDGMENT in IMM-7272-19 THIS COURT’S JUDGMENT is that the application for judicial review is dismissed, no question for certification arising. “E.

Heneghan” Judge FEDERAL COURT SOLICITORS OF RECORD DOCKET: IMM-7272-19 STYLE OF CAUSE: PAULA ANDREA ALZATE RAMIREZ, MARTINA BURGOS ALZATE, SARA BURGOS ALZATE, TOMAS BURGOS ALZATE v THE MINISTER OF CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION HEARING HELD BY VIDEOCONFERENCE ON FEBRUARY 22, 2021 FROM ST. JOHN’S, NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR (COURT) AND TORONTO, ONTARIO (PARTIES) JUDGMENT AND REASONS: HENEGHAN J.

DATED: APRIL 1, 2021 APPEARANCES : Michael Loebach FOR THE APPLICANTS Nadine Silverman FOR THE RESPONDENT SOLICITORS OF RECORD : Michael Loebach Barrister and Solicitor London, Ontario FOR THE APPLICANTS Attorney General of Canada Toronto, Ontario FOR THE RESPONDENT