2023 FC, 2023 FC 1608

Date: 20231130 Docket: IMM-7819-22 Citation: 2023 FC 1608 [ENGLISH TRANSLATION REVISED BY THE AUTHOR] Montréal, Quebec, November 30, 2023 PRESENT: Mr. Justice Sébastien Grammond BETWEEN: MARIE MICHELE CHARLES LUCINEIDE CASIMIR CHARLES Applicants and THE MINISTER OF CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION Respondent JUDGMENT AND REASONS (Delivered from the bench at Montréal, Quebec, November 30, 2023) [ 1 ] Ms. Charles, a Haitian citizen, is seeking judicial review of a decision by the Refugee Appeal Division [RAD] of the Immigration and Refugee Board [IRB]. The RAD found that Ms. Charles was excluded under

Article 1E of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees because she has permanent resident status in Brazil . [ 2 ] The Refugee Protection Division [RPD] of the IRB had initially allowed Ms. Charles’s claim on the ground that she had a well- founded fear of persecution in Brazil, in particular because she was allegedly the victim of a knife attack in that country. The RAD allowed the Minister’s appeal. [ 3 ] In its reasons, the RAD first reviewed the test for exclusion under

Article 1E as defined in Zeng v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) , 2010 FCA 118 at paragraph 28 , [2011] 4 FCR 3 . It stated that it agreed with Ms. Charles’s submission that in order to avoid the application of

Article 1E, it is enough to show " “a good reason to leave Brazil” " even if that reason does not amount to a well- founded fear of persecution. [ 4 ] Ms. Charles bases her application for judicial review on the remainder of the RAD’s reasons. The RAD mentioned both " the “good reason to leave” " and the well-founded fear of persecution as the applicable test. Ms. Charles submits that the RAD contradicted itself by mentioning a test that was different from the one it had found was applicable. [ 5 ] I agree that at first blush, the RAD’s reasons may lead to confusion.

However, at paragraph 37, the RAD states that Ms. Charles " “has not established that she has good reason to leave Brazil and that there is no serious possibility of persecution in Brazil” " . Moreover, at paragraph 25, the RAD reviewed the knife attack and concluded that, in and of itself, it did not justify Ms. Charles’s departure, which can be linked to the " “good reason to leave” " test. [ 6 ] Therefore, the RAD expressed findings regarding the two tests that could be applied. The RAD could perhaps have explained more clearly that these were alternative findings.

However, the lack of clarity on this does not render the decision unreasonable. [ 7 ] In addition, Ms. Charles states that given the evidence, the RAD should have found that she had a good reason to leave Brazil. Ms. Charles did not show that the decision was unreasonable in this regard. She is essentially asking the Court to substitute its own assessment of the facts for that of the RAD, which is not the Court’s role. [ 8 ] I must note that I do not necessarily endorse the idea that it is sufficient to show a " “good reason to leave” " in order to avoid exclusion under

Article 1E. This issue may be addressed in another case when it is a determining factor. [ 9 ] For these reasons, Ms. Charles’s application for judicial review is dismissed. JUDGMENT THIS COURT’S JUDGMENT is as follows: 1 . The application for judicial review is dismissed. 2 . No question is certified. “Sébastien Grammond” Judge

DoCKET: IMM-7819-22 FEDERAL COURT SOLICITORS OF RECORD STYLE OF CAUSE: MARIE MICHELE CHARLES, LUCINEIDE CASIMIR CHARLES v THE MINISTER OF CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION PLACE OF HEARING: Montréal, QuEbec DATE OF HEARING: NOVEMBER 30, 2023 JUDGMENT AND REASONS: GRAMMOND J. DATED: NOVEMBER 30, 2023 APPEARANCES : Sara Reed FOR THE APPLICANTS Aboubacar Touré FOR THE RESPONDENT SOLICITORS OF RECORD : Barraza Avocats Montréal, Quebec FOR THE APPLICANTS Deputy Attorney General of Canada Montréal, Quebec FOR THE RESPONDENT