2013 FC, 2013 FC 1209

Date: 20131203 Docket: T-1730-12 Citation: 2013 FC 1209 Ottawa, Ontario, December 3, 2013 PRESENT: The Honourable Mr. Justice Scott BETWEEN: JOHN DEREK MILLS Applicant and ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA Respondent REASONS FOR JUDGMENT AND JUDGMENT I. Introduction [ 1 ] John Derek Mills (Mr. Mills) is asking this Court to review the decision of the Senior Deputy Commissioner [SDC] of Correctional Service Canada [CSC], taken on July 13, 2012, denying him in part his third level grievance (number V30A00041936) (the Decision), pursuant to

section 18.1 of the Federal Courts Act , 1985, c F-7 [the FCA ]. [ 2 ] The Decision dismissed part of the Mills’ grievance relating to the timeliness of the response to his first level grievance, because they were processed within the prescribed timeframes. [ 3 ] Mr. Mills’ grievance relating to alleged discrimination was upheld because the Institution Head [IH] had not substantiated his findings that Mr. Mills’ allegations, if proven, would not constitute discrimination contrary to Commissioner’s Directive 081, Offender Complaints and Grievances, October 31 st , 2008 [CD 081] (which has since been amended).

The SDC decided that it would be more reasonable to consider the allegations of discrimination rather than returning the matter to IH because the initial grievance was submitted in 2010. [ 4 ] The SDC, after reviewing Mr. Mills’ allegations, concluded that if proven they could constitute discrimination. The Aboriginal Initiatives Directorate [AID] was consulted to ensure a proper treatment of Mr. Mills’ allegations.

However, it concluded that staff actions, language or decisions were not made in a discriminatory manner, therefore the definition of discrimination found in paragraph 12 of CD 081 had not been met and this part of Mr. Mills’ grievance was denied. Finally, with regards to his claim that his religious and cultural needs were not fully met, that portion of the grievance was upheld. [ 5 ] The Decision also notes that although Mr.

Mills chose to grieve substantive issues related to his correctional plan and aboriginal culture, both were denied, but he failed to submit this decision to the next level of the grievance process for further review (see page 4 of the Decision). [ 6 ] As to Mr. Mills’ grievance related to the timeliness of the response to his second level grievance, the Decision determined that it was not responded in the prescribed timeframe. This portion of the grievance was upheld. However, it was determined that his grievance was extended in accordance with policy, even though the timeline was not respected.

The policy was nevertheless adhered to as Mr. Mills was provided with extension letters indicating the reasons for the delays. The Decision stated that no further action was needed on that score.

[ 7 ] Finally, on the issue of corrective action, the Decision states that this response will serve as a reminder to the IH of the Port- Cartier Institution to ensure that responses to grievances containing allegations of discrimination must be dealt with in compliance with CD 081. It also states that corrective action has been implemented to address second level grievances within established timelines. The Decision does not address the fact that Mr.

Mills’ religious and cultural needs were not fully met. [ 8 ] For the reasons that follow, this Court finds that the Decision is reasonable and that there was no breach of procedural fairness; consequently, the application for judicial review is dismissed. II. Facts [ 9 ] Mr. Mills is an aboriginal federal prisoner who is serving a life maximum sentence. He is currently incarcerated at a Saskatchewan Institution. His grievances relate to allegations of discrimination based on his aboriginal heritage while he was incarcerated at the Port-Cartier Institution. [ 10 ] On March 1, 2010, Mr.

Mills filed a first level grievance with the Port-Cartier Institution in which he raised a number of issues:

i) he claimed to have been punished for submitting his last grievance; ii) he alleged to have been submitted to racism; iii) he claimed that his correctional plan had been changed; iv) that he had been prevented from participating in aboriginal cultural events; and

v) that his Charter right to freedom of religion had been violated by officials at that institution. [ 11 ] This grievance was denied on March 19, 2010, on the basis that it did not meet the definition of discrimination but was rather related to Mr. Mills’ dissatisfaction with the services offered to aboriginal inmates at Port-Cartier. [ 12 ] On March 26, 2010, Mr. Mills filed another complaint raising concerns about threats to his Aboriginal religious cultural practices because he was refused matches and sage which are used for praying. That complaint was also denied. [ 13 ] On March 29, 2010, Mr.

Mills was informed by his Parole Officer that he would be transferred to a Saskatchewan Penitentiary. He continued his grievances nonetheless because he wanted his holistic activities and native programs reinserted into his correctional plan, as they had been cancelled. [ 14 ] On April 4, 2010, Mr. Mills filed a second level grievance claiming that his grievances had not been answered to his satisfaction. He listed several incidents in which his aboriginal rights had been ignored; and particularly that he had been deprived of a sweat lodge ceremony for three years. [ 15 ] On June 20, 2010, Mr.

Mills filed a complaint about the response given to two issues related to his correctional plan concerning his progress and motivation. That complaint was also denied. [ 16 ] On December 13, 2011, Mr. Mills’ second level grievance was rejected, upholding the first level grievance decision that the alleged circumstances failed to meet the definition of discrimination. The Applicant had stated that Correctional Officers desecrated his medicine pouch and that he had been deprived of a sweat lodge ceremony for three years.

The second level decision noted that Directive CD 566-7 calls for periodic security examinations, Aboriginal medicine bundles and other spiritual articles are not exempt. Mr. Mills refused to cooperate and allow the manipulation of his medical pouch for visual inspection. Officers ignoring the contents of the pouch manipulated it themselves to ensure that security of the institution was not compromised. The second level decision determined that this event failed to meet the definition of discrimination.. [ 17 ] On January 3, 2012, Mr.

Mills filed a third level grievance to National Headquarters of CSC challenging the second level decisions. It was received by CSC on January 23, 2012 and upheld in part on July 13, 2012. A document entitled “Offender Grievance Executive

Summary (Third Level)” (Executive

Summary) was used in the preparation of the Decision but was not submitted to the Applicant for his comments before the Decision was rendered by the SDC. [ 18 ] The same day that the Decision was rendered, a letter was sent by CSC to the Director of the Port-Cartier Institution confirming that Mr. Mills’ religious and cultural needs had not been fully met. It also requested that the Port-Cartier Institution ensure

that the religious and cultural needs of aboriginal inmates be respected and taken into account when making decisions. [ 19 ] On September 18, 2012, Mr. Mills filed his Notice of Application for judicial review of the Decision. [ 20 ] Mr. Mills contends that procedural fairness was breached because he was not provided with the Executive

Summary before the decision under review was rendered. He argues that his material, religious and cultural needs were not met and that his grievances were improperly handled. III. Legislation [ 21 ] The applicable provisions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act , SC 1992, c 20, [the CCRA ], the Corrections and Conditional Release Regulations , SOR/92-620 [the CCRR ], the Federal Courts Act , cited above, the Commissioner’s Directive 081, Offender Complaints and Grievances , October 31 st , 2008 [CD 081] are reproduced in an appendix to this decision. IV. Issues [ 22 ] Mr.

Mills claims that his application raises the following issues: 1) What is the standard of review? 2) Did the SDC err in fact, law and jurisdiction by improperly withholding from the Applicant, the information of the analyst (Executive

Summary) under paragraphs 4 (

f) and 4( g ), subsections 27(1) , 27(2) and 27(3) , and

section 90 of the CCRA ? 3) Did the SDC err in fact, law and jurisdiction by failing to observe a principle of natural justice of procedural fairness by denying/failing to provide appropriate corrective action, and or conducting an inadequate investigation into the complaint? [ 23 ] The Respondent alleges that this application raises the following issues: 1) What are the applicable standards of review? 2) Did the failure to provide the Applicant with an opportunity to comment on the Offender Grievance Executive

Summary (Third Level) before the final Decision was rendered constitute a breach of procedural fairness? 3) Is the Decision reasonable? [ 24 ] The Court finds that the relevant issues in this case are firstly to determine whether the Decision on the third level grievances was reasonable and secondly whether there was a breach of procedural fairness. V.

Standard of review [ 25 ] It has been determined by previous jurisprudence that findings of mixed fact and law made in the course of the CSC offender grievance process and under the CCRA are reviewable under the standard of reasonableness (see Yu v Canada (Attorney General) , 2012 FC 970 at para 15 [ Yu ], Crawshaw v Canada (Attorney General), 2011 FC 133 at paras 24-27 ).

Issues of procedural fairness are dealt with under the correctness standard of review (see Fischer v Canada (Attorney General) , 2013 FC 861 ). [ 26 ] This Court must determine whether the Decision under review “falls within a range of possible, acceptable outcomes which are defensible in respect of the facts and law” (see Dunsmuir v New Brunswick , 2008 SCC 9 at para 47 [ Dunsmuir ]) and whether the Applicant was afforded procedural fairness. VI. Positions of the parties

A. Mr. Mills’ position Reasonableness of the decision [27] Mr. Mills contends that the SDC erred by improperly withholding the information of the analyst (the Executive

Summary)under paragraphs 4(

f) and 4(g), subsections 27(1), 27(2) and 27(3), and

section 90 of the CCRA. [28] He submits that the SDC erred in concluding that he had not been treated in an adverse and differential manner. He claims thathe has suffered four years of ongoing acts of discrimination stemming from the failure to accommodate his spiritual needs, modifying hiscorrectional plan to remove the original aboriginal focus after he initiated the grievance process, thereby having his religious privilegesrestricted.

At the hearing he explained that he had been deprived of his access to his aboriginal spiritual needs primarily because hequestioned the services provided to aboriginals. [29] Mr. Mills also alleges that CSC failed to accommodate his aboriginal spirituality by omitting to explore all options toaccommodate these needs in a timely and effective manner and that CSC provided no justification for failing to provide these Charterprotected accommodations for his religion. [30] Mr.

Mills claims that he was discriminated against and that discrimination is proven if it is one of the factors that influenced adecision, it does not have to be the sole or even the primary consideration. Mr. Mills relies on Canada (Human Rights Commission) vCanada (Department of National Health and Welfare) (1998) (FC), 146 FTR 106 at paras 11-12. [31] Mr.

Mills also argues that CSC was obligated to exhaust all possible options to accommodate his particular aboriginal culturaland spiritual needs in order to avoid discrimination and cites British Columbia (Superintendent of Motor Vehicles) v British Columbia(Council of Human Rights), (SCC), [1999] 3 SCR 868 at paras 20 and 32 [British Columbia]. [32] Mr. Mills submits that the SDC erred in law by failing to look into alternative spiritual accommodations that could have beenconsidered. He also omitted to explore whether alternative religious accommodations existed for similarly situated prisoners. Mr.

Millsclaims that the decision-maker simply accepted CSC’s failure without considering pre-existing available accommodation options orproviding corrective accommodation action. [33] In sum, Mr. Mills contends that the Decision does not fall “within a range of possible acceptable outcomes which aredefensible in respect of the facts and law” (Dunsmuir, cited above, at para 47). [34] At the hearing, Mr. Mills insisted that the aboriginal focus in his correctional plan had been modified primarily because hecomplained about the lack of services provided to aboriginal inmates at Port-Cartier.

Procedural fairness [35] Mr. Mills claims that by improperly withholding the information of the analyst under paragraphs 4(

f) and 4(g), subsections27(1), 27(2) and 27(3), and

section 90 of the CCRA, the SDC failed to observe a principle of procedural fairness. The Applicant refers toLewis v Canada (Correctional Service), 2011 FC 1233 at paras 18-24 [Lewis] in support of his contention. The SDC provided theInstitutional Head and others with the opportunity to comment on the draft decision prior to the Decision being taken but Mr. Mills wasnot afforded the same opportunity. [36] Mr. Mills also claims that the Respondent failed to observe the principles of natural justice by conducting an inadequateinvestigation into his grievances.

He alleges that the Decision was neither neutral nor thorough since it failed to consider crucial evidence(Panacci v Canada (Attorney General), 2010 FC 114 at para 69 and Egan v Canada (Attorney General), 2008 FC 649 [Egan] at para 5).

[ 37 ] Mr. Mills submits that the SDC failed to interview witnesses who could have provided important evidence related to the issues contained in his grievances thereby committing a reviewable error. Mr. Mills refers to Busch v Canada (Attorney General) , 2008 FC 1211 at para 15 . He explained to the Court that the institution was allowing non aboriginals to partake in activities demised for aboriginals, which lead to some incidents that were not properly investigated. [ 38 ] It is equally argued by Mr.

Mills that the Deputy Commissioner did not address fundamental issues raised in response to the Investigation. [ 39 ] Mr. Mills concludes that the Court should issue an order in the nature of certiorari to quash the Decision to deny his grievances with directions for re-consideration and an order to the Saskatchewan Penitentiary to reinstate his original Correctional Plan. B. Respondent’s position Reasonableness of the decision [ 40 ] The Respondent submits that the Decision is reasonable as Mr.

Mills relies on the Canadian Human Rights Commission [CHRC] and Tribunal jurisprudence that are not applicable to the present case. [ 41 ] The Respondent claims that contrary to Mr. Mills’ submissions, corrective measures were taken following the finding by the AID and the SDC that his religious and cultural needs were not fully met at the Port-Cartier Institution. In fact, a letter was sent to the Director of the Port-Cartier Institution on this matter and the Respondent claims that this was a reasonable corrective action. [ 42 ] As to Mr.

Mills’ arguments on failure to respond within prescribed timelines, the Respondent submits that the SDC’s conclusion that the timelines were extended in accordance with policy is reasonable and in accordance with CD 081. [ 43 ] The Respondent argues that there is no evidence in the record that Mr. Mills’ former correctional plan at the Port-Cartier Institution was modified. The Respondent argues that this plan was not before the SDC when the Decision was rendered; therefore it is inadmissible in the present proceedings.

The Respondent further notes that correctional plans are developed after an offender arrives in a penitentiary (section 15.1 of the CCRA and subsection 102(1) of the CCRR ) , therefore his Port-Cartier correctional plan is not necessarily identical to his new correctional plan developed following his transfer to the Saskatchewan Institution. [ 44 ] Lastly, the Respondent argues that CSC is not required to respond to each and every specific allegation raised by an offender and refers to Ouellette v Canada (Attorney General) , 2012 FC 801 at para 32 and Newfoundland and Labrador Nurses’ Union v Newfoundland and Labrador (Treasury Board) , 2011 SCC 62 .

Procedural fairness [ 45 ] The Respondent submits that failing to provide Mr. Mills with an opportunity to comment on the Executive

Summary before the Decision was rendered does not constitute a breach of procedural fairness. The Respondent argues that Mr. Mills’ participatory rights in the grievance process do not include a right to review or comment on the Executive

Summary. [ 46 ] The Respondent submits that this Court should decline to follow the Lewis case cited above, which is relied upon by Mr. Mills in support of his contention that he should have received the Executive

Summary. The Respondent alleges that the Lewis case was wrongly decided and the statements it contains concerning the Executive

Summary are obiter dicta . [ 47 ] The Respondent notes that the Court, in Lewis , recognized that the respondents did not argue the extent of the common law duty to act fairly nor did they discuss the statutory obligations under

section 27 of the CCRA because the main question was the fact that

the issues raised by the Applicant at the third level had not been raised in the first and second levels (see paras 25 to 26 of the Lewisdecision). [48] The Respondent argues that the case law relied upon in the Lewis case did not deal with the obligation to share the executivesummary with the inmate before the decision was rendered but rather dealt with the obligation to provide the information that was thebasis for the decision being grieved after that decision was rendered. [49] The Respondent also submits that subsection 27(1) of the CCRA did not apply to the facts of Lewis, nor does it apply in thepresent case, because subsection 27 (1) only applies to cases in which inmates are entitled to make representations in relation to adecision to be taken about them by the Service under

Part I of the CCRA and the CCRR, sections 2-98. The right to make representationsentails a right to disclosure of all relevant information prior to a decision being taken. However, the Respondent argues that

Part I of theCCRA and the CCRR do not entitle offenders who have submitted a grievance to make representations before a grievance decision isrendered, therefore they do not have a statutory or regulatory right to respond to a proposed grievance decision, which includes anexecutive

summary. [50] The Respondent submits that subsection 27(2) of the CCRA is the applicable

section to the facts of this case. It entitles anoffender to receive reasons for a decision taken about the offender after said decision is taken. Subsections 27(1) and (2) read as follows: “27.

(1) Where an offender is entitled by this Part or the regulations to make representations in relation to a decision to be taken by theService about the offender, the person or body that is to take the decision shall, subject to subsection (3), give the offender, a reasonableperiod before the decision is to be taken, all the information to be considered in the taking of the decision or a

summary of thatinformation.

(2) Where an offender is entitled by this Part or the regulations to be given reasons for a decision taken by the Service about theoffender, the person or body that takes the decision shall, subject to subsection (3), give the offender, forthwith after the decision istaken, all the information that was considered in the taking of the decision or a

summary of that information”. [Emphasis added] [51] The Respondent refers to

section 80 of the CCRR which creates the subsection.27 (2) obligation of providing the offenderwith the reasons for a decision after it is taken in the grievance context. [52] The Respondent notes that the Court, in Lewis, found that subsection 27 (2) did not apply, but claims this is wrong (see para26 of the Lewis decision).

Consequently it is submitted that the Court decline to follow Lewis even though the principles of judicialcomity call for following the prior conclusions of law of a Federal Court judge unless the other judge is convinced that the departurefrom those conclusions is necessary (the Respondent refers to Allergan Inc v Canada (Minister of Health), 2012 FCA 308 at para 48 andJanssen Pharmaceutica Inc v Apotex Inc, (FCA), [1997] FCJ No 169 at para 2). [53] The Respondent argues that the test to be applied in considering the rare exceptions where a decision of the Federal Courtshould not be followed is when it can be shown that the decision failed to consider legislation or binding authorities which would haveproduced a different result (Kumarasamy v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2008 FC 597 at para 13, Stone v Canada(Attorney General), 2012 FC 81 at para 12 and Fernandez v Canada (Attorney General), 2011 FC 275 at paras 53-65). [54] The Respondent points out that the Lewis case failed to consider subsection 27 (2) of the CCRA and

section 80 of the CCRRwhich are the applicable provisions on the facts of that case.

The Respondent adds that the content of the common law duty ofprocedural fairness in the present context is minimal and, in any event, has been met by the CSC (Yu, cited above, at paras 30-44), but ifsubsection 27 (2) of the CCRA is held to define the applicable procedural rights of offenders in the grievance context, this Court shouldnot apply a common law rule in the face of a clear statutory direction (Ocean Port Hotel Ltd v British Columbia (General Manager,Liquor Control and Licensing Branch), 2001 SCC 52 at para 22). [55] The Respondent suggested that in the event the Court decides it is bound to follow Lewis, the comments on the disclosure ofthe Executive

Summary are obiter dicta and do not bind the Court. [56] As to the other arguments on procedural fairness raised by Mr. Mills (failing to conduct an investigation of the grievancewhich met the conditions of neutrality and thoroughness), the Respondent submits that they should also be rejected, because they arefounded on cases concerning the CHRC and the Canadian Human Rights Act, RCS 1985, c H-6 [the CHRA] and are not applicable in thepresent context because the CHRA was relied upon by Mr. Mills for the first time in this judicial review and thus fails to exhaust theapplicable administrative remedies as part of the grievance process.

VII. Analysis 1) Is the Decision reasonable? [ 57 ] Mr. Mills claims that the Decision is unreasonable for several reasons: 1) he was not provided with the Executive

Summary before it was rendered; 2) it concluded that he had not been discriminated against; 3) it failed to accommodate his needs or to explore how to accommodate them and provided no justification for failing to accommodate them. It did not specify corrective accommodation action; it simply accepted the CSC’s failure. [ 58 ] The Court disagrees with Mr. Mills’ contention that the Decision is unreasonable because he was not provided with the Executive

Summary. After reviewing the Decision, as such, the Court notes that the Executive

Summary is just a more concise repetition of the recommendations found in the Decision and this Court finds that the Respondent had no obligation to communicate that document. This issue is further addressed in greater detail in the following

section of this judgment. The Court also notes that the Executive

Summary for the second level decision was not communicated to Mr. Mills either and this was not grieved. [ 59 ] The conclusion that Mr. Mills was not discriminated comes from an independent review by the AID. The AID determined that the issues raised by Mr. Mills did not meet the definition of discrimination found in paragraph 12 of CD 081, because CSC staff actions, language or decisions were not made or taken in a discriminatory manner. Rather, there was a lack of consideration of his Aboriginal Social History by his case management team when decisions were taken concerning Mr. Mills.

This conclusion “falls within a range of possible, acceptable outcomes which are defensible in respect of the facts and law” (see Dunsmuir , cited above, at para 47 ). [ 60 ] Mr. Mills referred to the British Columbia case, cited above, to support his contention that in order to avoid discrimination the CSC must exhaust all possible options to accommodate. However, the Court finds that the British Columbia case does not stand for such a broad proposition. In that case discrimination had clearly been established.

The Court was analyzing whether it was justifiable and necessary in such circumstances because the defendant had proven that the institution was incapable of accommodating the person. The present case is different as discrimination was not established on a prima facie basis. [ 61 ] As for Mr. Mills’ contention that the Decision is unreasonable because it did not accommodate his needs or provide any corrective accommodation action, the Court agrees that the Decision does not refer to the actions that would be taken after having upheld the Applicant’s grievance on that point.

On that score it is lacking, however, a letter was sent to the Port-Cartier Institution asking that it ensures that religious and cultural needs of aboriginal inmates be respected and taken into account by the Institution’s personnel. At that time, Mr. Mills was already transferred to the Saskatchewan Penitentiary. The Decision needed to address the situation at Port-Cartier in order to avoid recurring incidents with aboriginal inmates detained in that institution.

Although it should have listed the corrective accommodation actions that would be taken (the letter that would be sent); this does not have any practical implications on Mr. Mills, who is no longer incarcerated there. [ 62 ] The Court notes that according to the Respondent’s record, an Offender Complaint Response was communicated to Mr. Mills in the summer of 2010 (the exact date is unreadable) which stated that “as for the description of your aboriginal background, they are developed in your assessment for transfer dated 2010-05-11” (see Respondent’s Record, volume 1 at page 67). Therefore, it appears that Mr.

Mills’ aboriginal background was considered for his transfer to the Saskatchewan Penitentiary. [ 63 ] The Court also notes that according to the Respondent’s Record, a correctional officer from the Port-Cartier Institution met with Mr. Mills in February 2010 and suggested that he involve himself with the native brotherhood, which he refused to do. Mr. Mills justified his refusal by claiming that the brotherhood is “a bunch of phonies who are running the circles” (see Respondent’s Record, volume 1, page 57). At the hearing Mr.

Mills explained that this comment was based on his view that the Institution was allowing non aboriginals to participate in aboriginal activities. [ 64 ] The Court also notes that Mr. Mills failed to bring his complaints related to his correctional plan to the third level. As such this issue is unfortunately beyond the Court’s purview. [ 65 ] For these reasons, the Court concludes that the Decision is reasonable.

2) Is there a breach of procedural fairness? [66] Mr. Mills claims that he was not accorded procedural fairness for the following reasons: 1) he was not provided with theExecutive

Summary before the Decision was rendered; 2) the investigation into the grievance was not neutral and thorough and failed tolook into crucial evidence; 3) important witnesses were not interviewed; and 4) the Decision did not address fundamental issues. [67] With regards to Mr. Mills’ claim that the CSC failed to provide the Executive

Summary before the Decision was rendered, theCourt agrees with the Respondent’s position that no such statutory obligation exists. Subsection 27 (1) of the CCRA applies to situationsconsidered in the Act which provide for a right to make representations, such as

section 34. When a party can make representations it isonly normal that it should receive all the relevant information before the Decision is taken in order for that party to prepare adequately.However,

section 90 of the CCRA which applies in the present case does not afford a right to make representations; therefore subsection27(1) does not apply. The Court finds that it is rather subsection 27 (2) which applies to the facts of the present case. Pursuant tosubsection 80 (3) of the CCRR, Mr. Mills was entitled to receive reasons for the Decision. This subsection reads as follows: “80.

(3) The head of the region or the Commissioner, as the case may be, shall give the offender a copy of the head of the region's orCommissioner's decision, including the reasons for the decision, as soon as practicable after the offender submits an appeal”. [Emphasisadded] [68] The Applicant therefore only had the right to receive reasons and the Executive

Summary after he filed an appeal. [69] The main issue in the Lewis case cited above was not the statutory obligations under s.27 of the CCRA. The Court specificallystated that the Respondent’s had not argued the extent of the common law duty to act fairly nor did he challenge the statutory obligationsunder

section 27. Therefore the opinion rendered with regards to the obligation of disclosing an Executive

Summary was notdeterminative of that case and that aspect of the judgment is not binding on this Court. As was stated in Falvo Enterprises Ltd v Price Waterhouse Ltd (1982), (ON SC), 34 OR 2nd 336 at para 31: “An obiter dictum is an opinion expressed by a judge in giving judgment which was unnecessary for the determination of the case and onwhich such determination did not rest: see Landreville v. Gouin (1884), 6 O.R. 455 at 464 (C.A.); Samson v. Minister of NationalRevenue, (CA EXC), [1943] Ex. C.R. 17, [1943] 2 D.L.R. 349.

Dicta are not of binding authority unless they can beshown to express a legal proposition which is a necessary step to the judgment pronounced by the court in the case in which the dicta arefound …” [70] The Federal Court of Appeal, in a more recent decision, considered the issue of obiter dicta and whether courts are bound bythem and affirmed: “30. The real question is the extent to which a later court should consider itself bound by earlier obiter. Some obiter is purely gratuitousin the circumstances and is not grounded on the full submissions of opposing parties.

However, some obiter is prompted bycircumstances of strong practicality and justice, and is informed by full submissions from adverse parties represented by counsel. 31. In my view, we should consider ourselves bound by the obiter determination in Savard. That Court was prompted by strongpracticality and justice and had the benefit, a rare one in this context, of full submissions by adverse parties who were represented . . . ”(see Gill v Canada (Attorney General), 2010 FCA 182). [71] The Lewis decision is clearly distinguishable, as we have explained.

Consequently this Court is not bound by the opinionstated in that case. [72] As for Mr. Mills’, claim that the investigation which was conducted into his grievance breached procedural fairness, theCourt disagrees, for reasons others than those argued by the Respondent. The Respondent contends that the case-law presented by Mr.Mills concerning the CHRC, is inapplicable. The Court disagrees. The Egan case, cited by Mr. Mills, is relevant in the presentproceedings. The Court in that case stated that: “ . . . It is clear from the decision of the Federal Court of Appeal in Sketchley v.

Canada (Attorney General), 2005 FCA 404 ,[2006] 3 F.C.R. 392 that failure by administrative decision makers to investigate obviously crucial evidence where an omission has beenmade that cannot be compensated for by making further submissions, there has been a lack of procedural fairness such that the decisionmust be set aside . . . ” (see Egan, cited above, at para 5).

[ 73 ] The case considers the obligation to investigate broadly. In a grievance process, the CSC must investigate an inmate’s complaint and must therefore do so thoroughly, without omitting to consider obviously crucial evidence because such an omission cannot be compensated by making further submissions. However, in the present instance, Mr. Mills has failed to convince this Court that crucial evidence was left out or that important witnesses were not interviewed. At the hearing Mr.

Mills provided explanations which were not presented in the original complaints and which could have potentially resulted in a different outcome. Unfortunately these facts were never before the grievance officer; consequently the Decision cannot be challenged on that count. [ 74 ] Lastly, with regards to Mr. Mills’ claim that the Decision failed to consider a crucial aspect of his complaint relating to the removal of spiritual aspects from his correctional plan, the Court agrees with the Respondent’s argument that the correctional plan was not before the SDC.

As was mentioned above, the Decision states that the Applicant chose to grieve the issues of his correctional plan and aboriginal culture in complaints which were denied and he failed to submit these complaints to the next level of the grievance process for further review (see page 4 of the Decision, Respondent’s Record, volume 1, page 15). Therefore, this is not a reviewable issue in this application (see

section 30 of the CD 081). [ 75 ] Consequently the Court concludes that the Applicant was accorded procedural fairness. JUDGMENT THIS COURT’S JUDGMENT is that the present judicial review application is dismissed without costs. "André F.J. Scott" Judge Appendix Subsection 18.1(1) of the Federal Courts Act , 1985, c F-7, provides as follows: Application for judicial review 18.1

(1) An application for judicial review may be made by the Attorney General of Canada or by anyone directly affected by the matter in respect of which relief is sought. Demande de contrôle judiciaire 18.1

(1) Une demande de contrôle judiciaire peut être présentée par le procureur général du Canada ou par quiconque est directement touché par l’objet de la demande. Sections 4 , 27 , 34 , 90 and 91 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act , SC 1992, c 20, provide as follows: Purpose and principles 4 . The principles that guide the Service in achieving the purpose referred to in

section 3 are as follows: Principes de fonctionnement 4 . Le Service est guidé, dans l’exécution du mandat visé à l’article 3, par les principes suivants : . . . […] (

f) correctional decisions are made in a forthright and fair manner, with access by the offender to an effective grievance procedure;

f) ses décisions doivent être claires et équitables, les délinquants ayant accès à des mécanismes efficaces de règlement de griefs;

(

g) correctional policies, programs and practices respect gender, ethnic, cultural and linguistic differences and are responsive to the special needs of women, aboriginal peoples, persons requiring mental health care and other groups;

g) ses directives d’orientation générale, programmes et pratiques respectent les différences ethniques, culturelles et linguistiques, ainsi qu’entre les sexes, et tiennent compte des besoins propres aux femmes, aux autochtones, aux personnes nécessitant des soins de santé mentale et à d’autres groupes; . . . […] Information to be given to offenders Communication de renseignements au délinquant 27 .

(1) Where an offender is entitled by this Part or the regulations to make representations in relation to a decision to be taken by the Service about the offender , the person or body that is to take the decision shall, subject to subsection (3), give the offender , a reasonable period before the decision is to be taken, all the information to be considered in the taking of the decision or a

summary of that information.

(2) Where an offender is entitled by this Part or the regulations to be given reasons for a decision taken by the Service about the offender, the person or body that takes the decision shall, subject to subsection (3), give the offender , forthwith after the decision is taken, all the information that was considered in the taking of the decision or a

summary of that information.

(3) Except in relation to decisions on disciplinary offences, where the Commissioner has reasonable grounds to believe that disclosure of information under subsection (1) or (2) would jeopardize 27 .

(1) Sous réserve du paragraphe (3), la personne ou l’organisme chargé de rendre, au nom du Service, une décision au sujet d’un délinquant doit, lorsque celui-ci a le droit en vertu de la présente

partie ou des règlements de présenter des observations, lui communiquer, dans un délai raisonnable avant la prise de décision, tous les renseignements entrant en ligne de compte dans celle-ci, ou un

sommaire de ceux-ci.

(2) Sous réserve du paragraphe (3), cette personne ou cet organisme doit, dès que sa décision est rendue, faire connaître au délinquant qui y a droit au

titre de la présente

partie ou des règlements les renseignements pris en compte dans la décision, ou un

sommaire de ceux-ci. Exception

(3) Sauf dans le cas des infractions disciplinaires, le commissaire peut autoriser, dans la mesure jugée strictement nécessaire toutefois, le refus de communiquer des renseignements au délinquant s’il a des motifs raisonnables de croire que cette communication mettrait en danger la sécurité d’une personne ou du pénitencier ou compromettrait la tenue d’une enquête licite.

(

a) the safety of any person, (

b) the security of a penitentiary, or (

c) the conduct of any lawful investigation, the Commissioner may authorize the withholding from the offender of as much information as is strictly necessary in order to protect the interest identified in paragraph ( a ), (

b) or ( c ). [Emphasis added] . . . […] Where institutional head must meet with inmate 34 . Where the institutional head does not intend to accept a recommendation made under

section 33 to release an inmate from administrative segregation, the institutional head shall, as soon as is practicable, meet with the inmate (

a) to explain the reasons for not intending to accept the recommendation; and (

b) to give the inmate an opportunity to make oral or written representations. Obligation du directeur 34 . Quand le directeur, contrairement à une recommandation faite aux termes du paragraphe 33(1), a l’intention de maintenir le détenu en isolement préventif, il doit, dès que possible, rencontrer celui-ci, lui exposer les motifs de son désaccord et lui donner l’occasion de lui présenter des observations, oralement ou par écrit. . . . […] Grievance procedure 90 .

There shall be a procedure for fairly and expeditiously resolving offenders’ grievances on matters within the jurisdiction of the Commissioner, and the procedure shall operate in accordance with the regulations made under paragraph 96( u ). Procédure de règlement 90 . Est établie, conformément aux règlements d’application de l’alinéa 96 u ), une procédure de règlement juste et expéditif des griefs des délinquants sur des questions relevant du commissaire. Access to grievance procedure 91 . Every offender shall have complete access to the offender grievance procedure without negative consequences.

Accès à la procédure de règlement des griefs 91 . Tout délinquant doit, sans crainte de représailles, avoir libre accès à la procédure de règlement des griefs.

. . . […] Sections 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 and 82 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Regulations , SOR/92-620, provide as follows: Offender Grievance Procedure 74 .

(1) Where an offender is dissatisfied with an action or a decision by a staff member, the offender may submit a written complaint, preferably in the form provided by the Service, to the supervisor of that staff member.

(2) Where a complaint is submitted pursuant to subsection (1), every effort shall be made by staff members and the offender to resolve the matter informally through discussion.

(3) Subject to subsections (4) and (5), a supervisor shall review a complaint and give the offender a copy of the supervisor's decision as soon as practicable after the offender submits the complaint.

(4) A supervisor may refuse to review a complaint submitted pursuant to subsection (1) where, in the opinion of the supervisor, the complaint is frivolous or vexatious or is not made in good faith.

(5) Where a supervisor refuses to review a complaint pursuant to subsection (4), the supervisor shall give the offender a copy of the supervisor's decision, including the reasons for the decision, as soon as practicable after the offender submits the complaint. Procédure de règlement de griefs des délinquants 74 .

(1) Lorsqu’il est insatisfait d’une action ou d’une décision de l’agent, le délinquant peut présenter une plainte au supérieur de cet agent, par écrit et de préférence sur une formule fournie par le Service.

(2) Les agents et le délinquant qui a présenté une plainte conformément au paragraphe (1) doivent prendre toutes les mesures utiles pour régler la question de façon informelle.

(3) Sous réserve des paragraphes (4) et (5), le supérieur doit examiner la plainte et fournir copie de sa décision au délinquant aussitôt que possible après que celui-ci a présenté sa plainte.

(4) Le supérieur peut refuser d’examiner une plainte présentée conformément au paragraphe (1) si, à son avis, la plainte est futile ou vexatoire ou n’est pas faite de bonne foi.

(5) Lorsque, conformément au paragraphe (4), le supérieur refuse d’examiner une plainte, il doit fournir au délinquant une copie de sa décision motivée aussitôt que possible après que celui-ci a présenté sa plainte.

75 . Where a supervisor refuses to review a complaint pursuant to subsection 74(4) or where an offender is not satisfied with the decision of a supervisor referred to in subsection 74(3), the offender may submit a written grievance, preferably in the form provided by the Service, (

a) to the institutional head or to the director of the parole district, as the case may be; or (

b) where the institutional head or director is the subject of the grievance, to the head of the region. 75 . Lorsque, conformément au paragraphe 74(4), le supérieur refuse d’examiner la plainte ou que la décision visée au paragraphe 74(3) ne satisfait pas le délinquant, celui-ci peut présenter un grief, par écrit et de préférence sur une formule fournie par le Service :

a) soit au directeur du pénitencier ou au directeur de district des libérations conditionnelles, selon le cas;

b) soit, si c’est le directeur du pénitencier ou le directeur de district des libérations conditionnelles qui est mis en cause, au commissaire. 76 .

(1) The institutional head, director of the parole district or head of the region, as the case may be, shall review a grievance to determine whether the subject-matter of the grievance falls within the jurisdiction of the Service.

(2) Where the subject-matter of a grievance does not fall within the jurisdiction of the Service, the person who is reviewing the grievance pursuant to subsection (1) shall advise the offender in writing and inform the offender of any other means of redress available. 76 .

(1) Le directeur du pénitencier, le directeur de district des libérations conditionnelles ou le commissaire, selon le cas, examine le grief afin de déterminer s’il relève de la compétence du Service.

(2) Lorsque le grief porte sur un sujet qui ne relève pas de la compétence du Service, la personne qui a examiné le grief conformément au paragraphe (1) doit en informer le délinquant par écrit et lui indiquer les autres recours possibles. 77 .

(1) In the case of an inmate's grievance, where there is an inmate grievance committee in the penitentiary, the institutional head may refer the grievance to that committee.

(2) An inmate grievance committee shall submit its recommendations respecting an inmate's grievance to the institutional head as soon as practicable after the grievance is referred to the committee.

(3) The institutional head shall give the inmate a copy of the institutional head's decision as soon as practicable after receiving the recommendations of the inmate grievance committee. 77 .

(1) Dans le cas d’un grief présenté par le détenu, lorsqu’il existe un comité d’examen des griefs des détenus dans le pénitencier, le directeur du pénitencier peut transmettre le grief à ce comité.

(2) Le comité d’examen des griefs des détenus doit présenter au directeur ses recommandations au sujet du grief du détenu aussitôt que possible après en avoir été saisi.

(3) Le directeur du pénitencier doit remettre au détenu une copie de sa décision aussitôt que possible après avoir reçu les recommandations du comité d’examen des griefs des détenus.

78 . The person who is reviewing a grievance pursuant to

section 75 shall give the offender a copy of the person's decision as soon as practicable after the offender submits the grievance. 78 . La personne qui examine un grief selon l’article 75 doit remettre copie de sa décision au délinquant aussitôt que possible après que le détenu a présenté le grief. 79 .

(1) Where the institutional head makes a decision respecting an inmate's grievance, the inmate may request that the institutional head refer the inmate's grievance to an outside review board, and the institutional head shall refer the grievance to an outside review board.

(2) The outside review board shall submit its recommendations to the institutional head as soon as practicable after the grievance is referred to the board.

(3) The institutional head shall give the inmate a copy of the institutional head's decision as soon as practicable after receiving the recommendations of the outside review board. 79 .

(1) Lorsque le directeur du pénitencier rend une décision concernant le grief du détenu, celui-ci peut demander que le directeur transmette son grief à un comité externe d’examen des griefs, et le directeur doit accéder à cette demande.

(2) Le comité externe d’examen des griefs doit présenter au directeur du pénitencier ses recommandations au sujet du grief du détenu aussitôt que possible après en avoir été saisi.

(3) Le directeur du pénitencier doit remettre au détenu une copie de sa décision aussitôt que possible après avoir reçu les recommandations du comité externe d’examen des griefs. 80 .

(1) Where an offender is not satisfied with a decision of the institutional head or director of the parole district respecting the offender's grievance, the offender may appeal the decision to the head of the region.

(2) Where an offender is not satisfied with the decision of the head of the region respecting the offender's grievance, the offender may appeal the decision to the Commissioner.

(3) The head of the region or the Commissioner, as the case may be, shall give the offender a copy of the head of the region's or Commissioner's decision, including the reasons for the decision, as soon as practicable after the offender submits an appeal. 80 .

(1) Lorsque le délinquant est insatisfait de la décision rendue au sujet de son grief par le directeur du pénitencier ou par le directeur de district des libérations conditionnelles, il peut en appeler au commissaire. (2) [Abrogé, DORS/2013-181, art. 3]

(3) Le commissaire transmet au délinquant copie de sa décision motivée aussitôt que possible après que le délinquant a interjeté appel. 81 .

(1) Where an offender decides to pursue a legal remedy for the offender's complaint or grievance in addition to the complaint and grievance procedure referred to in these Regulations, the review of the complaint or grievance pursuant to these Regulations shall be deferred until a decision on the alternate remedy is rendered or the offender decides to abandon the alternate remedy.

(2) Where the review of a complaint or grievance is deferred pursuant to subsection (1), the person who is reviewing the complaint or grievance shall give the offender written notice of the decision to defer the review. 81 .

(1) Lorsque le délinquant décide de prendre un recours judiciaire concernant sa plainte ou son grief, en plus de présenter une plainte ou un grief selon la procédure prévue dans le présent règlement, l’examen de la plainte ou du grief conformément au présent règlement est suspendu jusqu’à ce qu’une décision ait été rendue dans le recours judiciaire ou que le détenu s’en désiste.

(2) Lorsque l’examen de la plainte ou au grief est suspendu conformément au paragraphe (1), la personne chargée de cet examen doit en informer le délinquant par écrit.

82 . In reviewing an offender's complaint or grievance, the person reviewing the complaint or grievance shall take into consideration (

a) any efforts made by staff members and the offender to resolve the complaint or grievance, and any recommendations resulting therefrom; (

b) any recommendations made by an inmate grievance committee or outside review board; and (

c) any decision made respecting an alternate remedy referred to in subsection 81(1). 82 . Lors de l’examen de la plainte ou du grief, la personne chargée de cet examen doit tenir compte :

a) des mesures prises par les agents et le délinquant pour régler la question sur laquelle porte la plainte ou le grief et des recommandations en découlant;

b) des recommandations faites par le comité d’examen des griefs des détenus et par le comité externe d’examen des griefs;

c) de toute décision rendue dans le recours judiciaire visé au paragraphe 81(1). Sections 12, 27, 30, 41, 84, 85, 86 and 87 of the Commissioner’s Directive 081, Offender Complaints and Grievances , October 31, 2008, provide as follows:

Definitions 12 . Discrimination : when the griever believes that CSC staff actions, language or decisions were made in a discriminatory manner based on gender, race, ethnicity, language, sexual orientation, religion, age, marital status, or a physical or mental disability. The category includes staff behaviour that constitutes a violation of the offender’s human rights or the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms . Définitions 12 .

Discrimination : des actes, des paroles ou des décisions du personnel du SCC qui incitent le délinquant à s’estimer victime de discrimination fondée soit sur le sexe, la race, l’ethnie, la langue, l’orientation sexuelle, la religion, l’âge, l’état civil ou une déficience mentale ou physique. Sont inclus les comportements du personnel qui enfreignent les droits de la personne ou la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés . . . . […] GENERAL PROCEDURES Levels of the Complaint and Grievance Process 27 .

The complaint grievance process includes four levels: written complaints, first level grievances, second level grievances and third level grievances. The initial submission will be at the complaint level unless otherwise indicated in this directive or unless the supervisor of the staff member in question is the Institutional Head, the Regional Deputy Commissioner or the Commissioner. PROCÉDURE GÉNÉRALE Paliers du processus de règlement des plaintes et griefs 27.

Le processus de règlement des plaintes et griefs comprend quatre paliers : plaintes écrites, griefs au premier palier, griefs au deuxième palier et griefs au troisième palier. Une plainte doit être présentée d’abord au palier des plaintes, à moins d’indication contraire dans la présente directive ou à moins que le surveillant de l’employé visé dans la plainte soit le directeur de l’établissement, le sous- commissaire régional ou le commissaire.

. . . […] 30 . Grievers who are not satisfied with the final decision of the complaint and grievance process may seek judicial review of this decision at the Federal Court within the time limit prescribed at subsection 18.1 (2) of the Federal Courts Act . 30 . Le plaignant qui n’est pas satisfait de la décision finale rendue dans le cadre du processus de règlement des plaintes et griefs peut faire une demande de révision judiciaire de cette décision à la Cour fédérale dans les délais prescrits au paragraphe 18.1 (2) de la

Loi sur les Cours fédérales . . . . […] Extensions 41 . If the Institutional Head, the Regional Deputy Commissioner or the Director of Offender Redress considers that more time is necessary to deal adequately with a complaint or grievance, the griever must be informed in writing of the reasons for the delay and of the date by which he/she may expect to receive the response. Prolongation du délai de traitement 41 .

Si le directeur de l’établissement, le sous- commissaire régional ou le directeur des Recours des délinquants juge qu’il a besoin d’un délai plus long pour traiter adéquatement une plainte ou un grief, il doit informer le plaignant par écrit des raisons de la prolongation du délai et de la date à laquelle il peut s’attendre à recevoir une réponse. . . . […] Coding and Classification 84 .

When a complaint or grievance includes allegations of harassment, sexual harassment or discrimination, or any behaviour that could constitute harassment, sexual harassment or discrimination, it must be: a. deemed sensitive; b. designated as high priority; c. entered as a first level grievance; and d. immediately brought to the attention of the Institutional Head in a sealed envelope for his/her review. Assignation d’un code et détermination du niveau de priorité 84 .

Lorsqu’une plainte ou un grief contient des allégations de harcèlement, de harcèlement sexuel ou de discrimination, ou encore de tout comportement qui pourrait constituer du harcèlement, du harcèlement sexuel ou de la discrimination, il doit être : a. jugé de nature délicate; b. désigné prioritaire; c. considéré comme un grief au premier palier; d. acheminé immédiatement au directeur de l’établissement dans une enveloppe scellée, aux fins d'examen.

Determining the Validity of the Allegations 85 . The Institutional Head must determine, within fifteen (15) working days from receipt, whether the allegations, if proven, would constitute harassment, sexual harassment or discrimination. Détermination de la validité des allegations 85 . Le directeur de l’établissement doit déterminer, dans les quinze (15) jours ouvrables suivant la réception de la plainte ou du grief, si les allégations, une fois fondées, constitueraient du harcèlement, du harcèlement sexuel ou de la discrimination. 86 .

If the Institutional Head determines that the allegations, if proven, would not constitute harassment, sexual harassment or discrimination, he/she must substantiate this finding in the first level grievance response. The Institutional Head may determine that the submission should be reviewed at the complaint level and the offender may submit a complaint. 86 . Si le directeur de l’établissement détermine que les allégations, une fois fondées, ne constitueraient pas du harcèlement, du harcèlement sexuel ou de la discrimination, il doit étayer sa conclusion dans sa réponse au grief au premier palier.

Il peut déterminer que la question devrait être examinée au palier des plaintes, et le délinquant peut alors présenter une plainte. 87 . It the Institutional Head determines that the grievance, if proven, would constitute harassment, sexual harassment or discrimination and that no further investigation is needed to determine the outcome of the grievance, he/she may simply respond to the grievance. In such cases, the response must demonstrate conclusively the basis for arriving at the findings without submitting the matter to outside investigation. 87 .

Si le directeur de l’établissement détermine que les allégations, une fois fondées, constitueraient du harcèlement, du harcèlement sexuel ou de la discrimination et qu’aucune enquête n’est nécessaire pour le règlement du grief, il peut tout simplement répondre au grief. Dans ce cas, il doit inscrire dans sa réponse les éléments concluants sur lesquels il s’est appuyé pour arriver à sa conclusion sans avoir à soumettre la question à une enquête externe.

FEDERAL COURT SOLICITORS OF RECORD DOCKET: T-1730-12 STYLE OF CAUSE: JOHN DEREK MILLS v ATTORNEY GENERAL OF CANADA MOTION HELD VIA VIDEOCONFERENCE ON NOVEMBER 6, 2013, FROM MONTREAL, QUEBEC AND PRINCE ALBERT, SASKATCHEWAN REASONS FOR JUDGMENT AND JUDGMENT: SCOTT J. DATED: December 3, 2013 APPEARANCES :

John Derek Mills For The Applicant ON HIS OWN BEHALF Joshua Wilner For The Respondent SOLICITORS OF RECORD : John Derek Mills For The Applicant ON HIS OWN BEHALF William F. Pentney Deputy Attorney General of Canada Ottawa, Ontario For The Respondent