Rucker, an Infant, v. M'Neely, 4 Blackf. 179

Blackford, J. Trespass quare clausum fregit. Special demurrer to the declaration, and judgment for the defendant. The declaration commences as follows:—Shelby county, ss. Elzy Rucker, by Westley Rucker, who is admitted by the Court here to prosecute for the plaintiff, who is an infant within the age of 21 years, as the guardian of the said plaintiff, complains, &c. It is stated as one of the causes of demurrer, that the plaintiff should have sued by next friend and not by guardian. In this, the defendant is mistaken.

The institution of the suit by guardian is unobjectionable, and the form of the declaration in this particular is correct. 1 Th. Co. Litt. 137, note (29). 2 Saunders’ Rep. 117 f. note (1). It is also stated as a cause of demurrer, that in alleging the trespass complained of, there is no venue laid in the declaration. Here, however, the defendant is also mistaken. There is a venue in the margin of the declaration, for we there find the words Shelby county, ss., with which words the declaration commences.

The declaration afterwards alleges, that the defendant with force and arms entered the plaintiff’s close, situated in the county of Shelby aforesaid, and there cut down the trees then and there growing. The venue thus laid is sufficient, even on special demurrer. Duncan v. Passenger, 8 Bingh. 355.—Capp v. Gilman, in this Court, May term, 1827. Another cause of demurrer assigned is, that the trespass complained of is incorrectly laid with a continuando. This objection is not valid.

The declaration avers that the defendant, on the 20th of November, 1835, and on divers days and times between that day and the commencement of the suit, with force and arms, entered the close, &c. This is not alleging the injury to have been committed by continuation from one specified day to another. It is an. allegation that the defendant had committed several distinct acts of trespass at different times, within a specified period.

Blackstone states the law on this subject as follows:—“Where the trespass is by one or several acts, each of which terminates in itself, and being once done cannot be done again, it cannot be laid with a continuando; yet if there be repeated acts of trespass committed, (as cutting down a certain number of trees,) they may be laid to be done, not continually, but at divers days and times within a given period.” 3 Blacks. Comm. 212.

In Saunders’ Reports,—the authority cited by the defendant himself,—it is said that where a man cuts down another’s trees, the trespasses, if repeated, may be laid to have been committed on different days and times, though they cannot be laid with a continuando. 1 Saund. Rep. 24, note (1). The last cause of demurrer assigned is, that the trees alleged to have been cut down and carried away by the defendant, are not averred to be the plaintiff’s' property.

The declaration charges, that the defendant, on, &c., with force and arms, entered a certain close of the plaintiff, situate, &c., and then and there felled, cut down, and destroyed, the trees then and there growing, &c., and took and carried them away, &c., and other wrongs to the plaintiff then and there did against the peace, and to the plaintiff’s damage 500 dollars. This part of the declaration alleges the close said to have been broken, to belong to the plaintiff, but it does not allege the trees charged to have been cut down, to be the plaintiff’s property.

The demurrer is to the whole declaration; and the question for us to decide is, whether the defect in the averment respecting trees, destroys the validity of the whole declaration? This is an action of trespass quare clausum fregit. The gist of the action is the breaking and entering the plaintiff’s close; and the declaration would have been good, had there been nothing said in it respecting the cutting down and carrying away the trees. The allegation respecting the trees is only as to matter in aggravation of damages. This point is settled in the following case:—Chamberlain sued Greenfield in trespass.

The declaration was for breaking and entering the plaintiff’s house, and damaging his goods there. Demurrer to the declaration, because the goods were not sufficiently described. The defendant relied on PlayteCs case, 5 Co. Rep. 35. The Court overruled the demurrer, on the ground that the breaking and entering the house was the foundation of the action, and the rest only laid by way of aggravation. Chamberlain v. Greenfield, 3 Wils. Rep. 292.

It is a question of no consequence to the'plaintiff’s right to recover, whether the matter in aggravation be well laid or not; Such matter need not be proved by the plaintiff, nor answered by the defendant. Lawes on Plead. 70. If the matter defectively stated by way of aggravation, would of itself bear an action, the proof of it may be objected to in consequence of. the defective statement. 1 Chitt. Plead. 443. But still, if the gist of the action—viz. the breaking and entering the close—be proved, the plaintiff must recover something.

It can be no objection, therefore, to the whole declaration, that the matter in aggravation is not well laid. If the fact of cutting and carrying away the trees had been charged, as it might have been, in a separate count from the one for breaking the close, a demurrer to the whole declaration because the trees were not alleged to be the plaintiff’s, must have been overruled. The reason why the demurrer in such a case would be overruled is, that the declaration would contain a good cause of action, independently of the defective count.

It follows of course, that where, as in the present case, the defective statement is in the same count, and is only of matter in aggravation of damages, the demurrer to the whole declaration merely on account of such defective statement, cannot be sustained. We are of opinion, for these reasons, that the judgment of the Circuit Court sustaining the demurrer to the declaration is erroneous, and must be reversed. J. Ryman, for the plaintiff. C. Fletcher and O. Butler, for the defendant. Per Curiam. The judgment is reversed with costs. Cause remanded, &c.