P. BLANCHARD'S WIDOW ET ALS. vs. F. BLANCHARD ET AL.; THE STATE, INTERVENOR, 6 La. 294

Bullard, J., delivered the opinion of the court. The plaintiffs having recovered a judgment in the Court of Probates, against F. Blanchard, on his bond as administrator of their ancestor, caused an execution to be levied on a plantation and slaves, and other property of the defendant, which had at the inception of the suit been attached, the defendant being represented as an absconding debtor. The administration bond was given in 1827.

After this fieri facias had been levied, an. execution issued by the state treasurer, against the same defendant, as collector of state taxes for the year 1830, and against his sureties, came into the hands of the coroner, who levied on the same property. The defendant’s bond, as collector, bears date in 1831, and is certified to be duly recorded in the office of the parish judge.

At this stage of the proceedings the district attorney, on the part of the state, obtained a rule oh the plaintiffs, to show cause why the coroner should not bring into court the proceeds of the property seized, after he should have sold the same, and why they should not be distributed, as follows: First, To the state the amount due for taxes with costs, and the balance, if any, to the plaintiffs, in satisfaction of their judgment. This proceeding is based on an allegation, that the property seized is the only property of the defendant, in virtue of articles 301 and 72.2, of the Code of Practice.

In answer to the rule, the plaintiffs denying that the state has a legal mortgage, contend, First, That there exists a legal mortgage on the property of the defendant, as administrator of the estate of Pierre" Blanchard, for the sum of thirty-two thousand five hundred dollars. Since the 22d day of September, 1827, the" date of his bond, which was duly recorded, and is of a date prior to that in favor of the state, as collector of taxes.

Second, That the property seized and levied on, was attached at the suit of those creditors, on the I4th March, 1832, and thereby a lien was created on said property in their favor, which gives them a preference over all other creditors, and over the state.

The Probate Court discharged the rule at the costs of the state, being of opinion that the administrator’s bond being of prior date, to that given by the defendant, as collector of tax'-s, ought to have the preference, and that the seizure under the attachment gave the plaintiffs a lien on the property attached, which ought to be preferred to the claim of the state. The coroner was ordered to pay over the whole proceeds of the sale to the plaintiffs, and the state appealed. The administration of an estate creates no legal mortgage on the property of the administrator.

He is entrusted with the administration, on the credit of his sureties. A sale of mortgaged property by the sheriff, under execution, does not extinguish the legal mortgage, a fortiori the levying of an attachment on it cannot. By the act of 1830, it is declared that the state shall have a legal mortgage on the lands, slaves and real estate, of sheriffs and collectors of taxes, to secure the due performance of their official duties. Acts of 1830, p. 78, sec.

Article 3280 of the Louisiana Code, declares that no legal mortgage shall exist, except in the cases determined by the Code. Among the cases enumerated, in which such mortgages is declared to exist, that of administrators of estates is not to be found. It is clear, therefore, that no legal mortgage existed on the property of the defendant in favor of the plainLiff, in virtue of his administration bond.

He was entrusted with the administration on the credit of his sureties, and the prior date of the bond does not give the heirs a preference over the state, whose claim, though subsequent, is secured by a legal mortgage. The only question then is, whether the levying of an attachment on mortgaged property, gives to an ordinary creditor a preference over the mortgagee? Such a doctrine would place the rights of hypothecary creditors at the mercy of every debtor, who might think proper to abscond, or to evade the service of legal process.

It would in effect be permitting the mortgagor, by his own act, to defeat a legal mortgage, and to give a preference to ordinary creditors. Even a sale by the sheriff, under execution would not extinguish the legal mortgage, still less the levying of an attachment. We are of opinion that the court erred in discharging the rule.

It is, therefore, ordered, adjudged and decreed, by the court, that the judgment of the Court of Probates, be avoided and reversed, that the rule be reinstated and made absolute, that the coroner be ordered to pay out of the proceeds of the real estate and slaves, to the state treasurer, the amount of the execution in his hands with interests and costs; to pay over to the plaintiffs the balance, if any, of the proceeds of the land and > laves, together with the whole of the proceeds of the movables, and that the plaintiffs and appellees pay the costs of both courts.