Washington Adams versus George Nichols, 19 Pick. 279

Morton J. delivered the opinion of the Court.' No objection is made to the plaintiff’s demand, and the only question in the case arises upon the defendant’s claim of set-off. The account filed consists of charges for labor and materials in building for the plaintiff" the house, which was destroyed by fire, as stated in t*he last case. So far as the account consists of charges for work and materials not within the contract, the defendant’s right to allowance is undoubted. The labor and materials were furnished at the plaintiff’s request; and he must be holden to pay for them.

But in relation to what was done in pursuance of the contract, it was ruled at the trial, that the defendant was not entitled to any allowance. And the soundness of this decision is the point which we are to consider. It has been seen in the last case, that the special contract was not waived or rescinded, and that the defendant had no legal excuse for not performing it. Having voluntarily refused to perform his contract, can he recover for the work and materials which he had furnished ?

In several recent cases, it has been held, that where work has been done upon the land of another, under a special contract, though not in every respect in conformity to it, and there was an honest intention substantially to conform to the contract; or where there was an acquiescence in the deviations or in the proceeding in the work, by the owner, quantum meruit or quantum valebant will lie for the work and materials. Such were the principles adopted in Hayward y. Leonard, 7 Pick. 183; Smith v. First Congr. Meetinghouse in Lowell, 8 Pick. 178; Brewer v. Tyringham, 12 Pick. 547.

The latter case is supposed to have gone something further than the others, but is believed to rest upon the same principles. It may be, that an unimportant deviation from the contract, as by substituting one kind of material for another supposed to be of equal or greater value, will not deprive the party of his right to recover, unless the alteration be expressly objected to, or the whole be rejected.

But nothing can be more clear than that the contractor may not erect one kind of building instead of another, as a barn for a house, or leave the contract half executed, as by raising a building and leaving it uncovered or otherwise entirely unfinished, and then compel the owner of the land to pay for a building he may not need, or for materials in a state he may not want.

If the defendant had left the plaintiff’s house in the situation it was in when burnt, it would not be consonant with the principles either of law or justice, to allow him to recover for what he had done ; and yet in such case the plaintiff might derive some benefit from the services of the defendant. But, in the present case, he has received no benefit. By the true construction of the agreement between the parties, the materials and building were to be at the risk of the defendant, for which he must be supposed to have received an adequate consideration.

And, surely, the ruins remaining upon the plaintiff’s land can be of no such use to him as to entitle the defendant to recover. If the defendant suffers from this unfortunate casualty, it is imputable to his own indiscretion in making an improvident contract; and the Court have no power to relieve him. Judgment on the verdict.