Commonwealth vs. Simon Fischblatt, 4 Met. 354

Shaw, C. J. Upon exceptions to the decision of the muni« cipal court, in the nature of a motion in arrest of judgment, it has been argued for the defendant, that no valid judgment could be rendered on the verdict of the jury, set forth in the exceptions, because it is a special verdict and does not find the offence charged in the indictment, nor such part of the offence charged, as to warrant a judgment. We think the defect of this argument rests in considering the verdict in question, as a special verdict.

It is very true, that upon a special verdict, the facts set forth in it, as found by the jury, must be such, as by law to constitute the offence charged, or some substantive part of it, which does constitute an offence ; and that nothing can be taken by the court by implication or intendment. Such were the cases cited of Commonwealth v. Call, 21 Pick. 509, and Dyer v. Commonwealth, 23 Pick. 402.

In the former of these, there was no such reference to the indictment, as to show that the jury intended to find the defendant guilty of the offence stated in the indictment, with some exception or limitation ; but it found certain facts, and omitted the material one, that the acts were done within the county. In the other case, that of Dyer v. Commonwealth, the jury did not find the defendant guilty of any of the acts charged in the indictment. They simply found him guilty of receiving stolen goods, but without finding that they were the goods mentioned in the indictment.

But in the same case, it was stated, that if the jury find matter that is immaterial, it will not vitiate the verdict, if the issue is found ; but the material facts must be found, to warrant a judgment. So it was held, that a verdict may be good, as a general verdict, though some fact is specially found by way of exception or qualification. So we think that a verdict finding part of the indictment true, if such

part is ¡properly charged and constitutes a substantive offence, or finding a defendant guilty in general terms, excepting or negativing a part, is a general and not a special verdict. See The King v. Hunt, and The King v. Williams, 2 Campb. 583, 646. 1 Chit. Crim. Law, (4th Amer. ed.) 250, 638. Such is the ordinary course, when murder is charged, and the jury find manslaughter. They first find the defendant not guilty of murder, and add, but guilty of mansHighter Let us examine the verdict in question, as affected by these rules. The defendant was indicted for an assault, with an intent to ravish.

Under this indictment, it was quite competent for the jury to find the defendant guilty of the assault, without the intent thus charged. So it has been held, under the Rev. Sts. c. 137, § 11, that upon an indictment for a rape, the party maj be found guilty of the assault charged, with an intent to commit a rape, inasmuch as a charge of the intent is included in a charge of the act; or he may be convicted of the assault only. Commonwealth v. Drum, 19 Pick. 479. And in finding such part of the offence charged, the verdict may be returned in any intelligible form. No technical words are necessary.

All that is required is, that it be clear and explicit, free from uncertainty and duplicity. In these cases, it is to be understood that when

an act is charged with a particular intent, the act is the substance of the offence charged, and the intent is matter of aggravation. Here the jury first negative that the assault was made with an attempt to commit a rape, in manner and form &c. ; but the jury do find, that the defendant was guilty of an assault, at the time and place mentioned in the indictment, upon the female therein named, with another improper and unlawful act.

The latter act, not being charged, is immaterial, but does not vitiate the verdict ; and we are of opinion that the verdict thus referring to the indictment and declaring the defendant guilty, with a special exception, does find the assault charged in the indictment, negativing the intent to ravish. Considering it in this point of view, we think it consistent with the authorities cited, and with the rules of criminal law, to decide that this is a general verdict as to part of the indictment; that it finds matter within the issue, which constitutes a substantive offence ; and that the judgment upon it was right.

Exceptions overruled.