Richardson, C. J., delivered the opinion of the court. The question to be decided in this case is, whether an action upon the case can be maintained upon the facts stated in the declaration ? It is alleged by the plaintiff that the sheep were in the close of the defendant, and that the latter drove them out. Prima facie, when the sheep of one man are. in the close of another, the owner of the close has a right to drive them out. We must, therefore, understand in this case, that when the defendant drove the sheep from his pasture, he was exercising a license which the law allowed.

But it is farther alleged, that having driven the sheep from the pasture, the defendant undertook to drive them away to a great distance. This, in our opinion, was an abuse of the license by law allowed, which made him a trespasser, ah initio. When one hires a horse to go an agreed distance, and goes beyond that distance, he is liable in trover for an unlawful conversion of the horse. 5 Mass. R. 104, Wheelock vs. Wheelwright. And

an act which if done in abuse of an authority given by an individual, amounts to a conversion, will, when done in abuse of an authority given by law, make the party a trespasser ah initio. An action of trespass might, then, have been maintained upon the facts stated in the declaration. But this does not settle the question we are now considering. It has long been a well settled principle, that in many ' eases where trespass will lie, the injured party may waive the trespass, and bring trover. Cro. Eliz. 824, Bishop vs. Viscountess Montague.

And it is now decided, and the decision rests on the most satisfactory grounds, that in cases where either trespass or trover might be maintained, the injured party may, if he so choose, waive both the trespass and the conversion, and recover for any damages he may have sustained, in a special action on the case. 1 B. & C. 145, Branscomb vs. Bridges; 9 East 298, Phillips vs. Bacon; 2 Neville & Manning 114, Smith vs. Goodwin. We entertain no doubt that this principle may with great propriety be applied to the case now before us, and are of opinion that the motion in arrest of judgment must be overruled.

Judgment on the verdict.