NORTH CAROLINA STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSION v. YORK INDUSTRIAL CENTER, INC.; KELLOGG SWITCHBOARD & SUPPLY COMPANY; CHARLES H. YOUNG and A. L. PURRINGTON, JR.; Trustees, and RALEIGH SAVINGS & LOAN ASSOCIATION, 263 N.C. 230

RodmaN, J. The only question for decision is the right of plaintiff to have the action dismissed. In support of that right, it points to G.S. 1-209.2, which says: “The petitioner in all condemnation proceedings authorized by G.S. 40-2 or by any other statute is authorized and allowed to take a voluntary nonsuit.” The statute on which plaintiff relies was enacted in 1957. Needless to say, it should not be interpreted in such manner as to render it unconstitutional, if a reasonable constitutional

interpretation can be given. The right of a petitioner in a condemnation proceeding to submit to a voluntary nonsuit, at any time prior to the vesting of title in con-demnor, had been judicially recognized prior to the enactment of c. 400, S.L. 1957, now G.S. 1-209.1 and 209.2. Light Co. v. Manufacturing Co., 209 N.C. 560, 184 S.E. 48; State v. Hughes, 202 N.C. 763, 164 S.E. 575. Prior to 1959, the Highway Commission was, when necessary to acquire title by condemnation, directed to act under the provisions of c. 40, entitled “Eminent Domain,” G.S. 136-19 (1944 edition).

In proceedings instituted pursuant to the provisions of c. 40, “[t]he title of the landowner is not divested unless and until the condemnor obtains a final judgment in his favor and pays to the landowner the amount of the damages fixed by such final judgment.” Topping v. Board of Education, 249 N.C. 291 (299), 106 S.E. 2d 502. The Legislature, by c. 1025, S.L. 1959, amended by c. 1084, S.L. 1961, now codified as Art. 9 of c. 136 of the General Statutes (Vol. 3B), rewrote the law regulating the procedure which the Highway Commission should use in condemning property subsequent to July 1, 1960.

Compare the second paragraph of G.S. 136-19 as these sections appear in Vol. 3 (1944 edition) and in Vol. 3B (1964 edition). Formerly the property owner’s title was divested by decree in a special proceeding, G.S. 40-11; and then only when fair compensation had been ascertained and paid as directed by decree confirming the award. Topping v. Board of Education, supra.

Since July 1, 1960, title is divested by a civil action, G.S. 136-103. “Upon the filing of the complaint and the declaration of taking and deposit in court, to the use of the person entitled thereto, of the amount of the estimated compensation stated in the declaration, title to said land or such other interest therein specified in the complaint and the declaration of taking, together with the right to immediate possession hereof shall vest in the State Highway Commission and the judge shall enter such orders in the cause as may be required to place the Highway Commission in possession, and said land shall be deemed to be condemned and taken for the use of the Highway Commission and the right to just compensation therefor shall vest in the person owning said property or any compensable interest therein at the time of the filing of the complaint and the declaration of taking and deposit of the money in court, and compensation shall be determined and awarded in said action and established by judgment therein.” G.S. 136-104.

Now the right to compensation rests in the person who owned the land immediately prior to the filing of the complaint and declaration of taking. He has nothing he can sell pending ascertainment of fair compensation. Formerly, since his title was not divested until compensation was paid, he could sell, G.S. 40-26. The person who owned when the award was confirmed was the person to be compensated. Liverman v. R. R., 109 N.C. 52, 13 S.E. 734. The Highway Commission, when it files its complaint, must file a memorandum of its action with the register of deeds where the land lies, G.S. 136-104.

This has the same effect as a conveyance of the property. To permit the Highway Commission to decide, subsequent to a taking (here three years after the taking), that it did not want the property it had taken, and for that reason refuse to pay, would do violence to the provisions of Art. 1, sec. 17, of our Constitution. We hold G.S. 1-209.2 does not permit condemnor to avoid payment of compensation by taking a nonsuit after title to the property has vested in condemnor.

Appellee, in its brief, asserts it had the right to submit to a non-suit because it had not in fact taken any property from York; it had merely, in the exercise of the police power, prescribed the manner in which defendants might have access to a controlled access highway. Snow v. Highway Commission, 262 N.C. 169, 136 S.E. 2d 678; Moses v. Highway Commission, 261 N.C. 316, 134 S.E. 2d 664. The answer lies in the language of the complaint and the declaration of taking. These expressly assert a taking.

We can not hold as a matter of law that this assertion is erroneous, because the description of what was purportedly taken demonstrates nothing was in fact taken. York is only entitled to fair compensation for such of his property, if any, as the Commission has taken, G.S. 136-109. Neither the Commission’s, nor the owner’s, estimate of the value is conclusive. Reversed.