In re: STONE & WEBSTER, INCORPORATED, et al., Debtors. Stone & Webster, Incorporated; SWE & C Liquidating Trust, successor in interest to Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation v. Saudi Arabian Oil Company, Saudi American Bank, Appellant, 335 F. App'x 202

OPINION ROTH, Circuit Judge: The Saudi American Bank (SAMBA) appeals the District Court’s rejection of its appeal from the Bankruptcy Court’s denial of its motion to intervene in the underlying adversary proceeding against the Saudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco). The underlying proceeding was brought by Stone & Webster, Inc. and its subsidiary, Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation (SWEC), against Saudi Aramco for its breach of a contract with Bugshan Stone & Webster (BSW), a joint venture between SWEC and Abdullah Said Bugshan & Brothers, to upgrade a large oil refinery at Ras Tanura in Saudi Arabia.

We assume the parties’ familiarity with the facts and the record of prior proceedings, which we refer to only as necessary to explain our decision. For the reasons given below, we affirm the District Court’s order. SAMBA argues it is entitled to intervene under 11 U.S.C. § 1109(b), which provides that “[a] party in interest, including the debtor, the trustee, a creditors’ committee, an equity security holders’ committee, a creditor, an equity security holder, or any indenture trustee, may raise and may appear and be heard on any issue in a case under this chapter.” 11 U.S.C. § 1109(b).

SAMBA also suggests it is entitled to intervention as of right under Rule 24(a)(2), which states that a court must permit anyone to intervene who “claims an interest relating to the property or transaction that is the subject of the action, and is so situated that disposing of the action may as a practical matter impair or impede the movant’s ability to protect its interest, unless existing parties adequately represent that interest.” Fed. R. Civ. Pro. 24(a)(2). SAMBA is not entitled to intervene under either

section 1109(

b) or Rule 24(a)(2). SAMBA is not a party in interest to the litigation between SWEC and Saudi Aramco. See Baron & Budd, P.C. v. Unsecured Asbestos Claimants Comm., 321 B.R. 147, 158 (D.N.J.2005) (“The test to determine whether an entity is a party in interest is ‘whether the prospective party in interest has a sufficient stake in the outcome of the proceeding so as to require representation.’ ”). Even granting a charitable

interpretation to the assignment on which SAMBA relies to justify its intervention, this Court agrees with the District Court and the Bankruptcy Court before it that having a claim to proceeds of collateral does not entitle a party to intervene. As we stated in Mountain Top Condominium Assoc. v. Dave Stabbert Master Builder, Inc., 72 F.3d 361, 366 (3d Cir.1995), “a mere economic interest in the outcome of litigation is insufficient to support a motion to intervene.” Holding otherwise would permit every secured creditor to intervene in its debtor’s litigation. Accordingly, SAMBA is not entitled to intervene.

For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the District Court’s order rejecting SAMBA’s motion to intervene in SWEC’s suit against Saudi Aramco. . SWEC and Bugshan were each fifty-percent shareholders in BSW. . Jurisdiction initially vested in the bankruptcy court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(b). Jurisdiction for the district court's review of the bankruptcy court’s order was conferred by 28 U.S.C. § 158(a). In turn, our appellate jurisdiction rests upon 28 U.S.C. §§ 158(

d) and 1291. In undertaking our review, we stand in the shoes of the district court, applying a clearly erroneous standard to the bankruptcy court’s findings of fact and a plenary standard to that court’s legal conclusions. See Am. Flint Glass Workers Union v. Anchor Resolution Corp., 197 F.3d 76, 80 (3d Cir.1999).