Lafayette WALKER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. CITY OF ORLANDO, a Florida Municipal Corporation, Edward Michael, Stanley Klem, Nathan Farris, Defendants-Appellees, 368 F. App'x 955

PER CURIAM: Walker (Plaintiff) was present at a block party after midnight where several men appeared and began firing shots in the air. The police were called. Officer Edward Michael (Defendant Michael) was the first police officer on the scene, and he confronted Plaintiff and some others, ordering them to get on the ground. Plaintiff was reluctant to do so and said so. Plaintiff claims that Defendant Michael then repeatedly struck him in the head, neck, and back with the butt of a service rifle, in violation of Plaintiffs constitutional rights.

Plaintiff sued Defendant Michael for these acts and the City of Orlando (Defendant City) for permitting a custom or practice that led to constitutional violations. The district court granted both Defendants’ motions for

summary judgment. The appeal presents these issues: Whether the district court erroneously concluded that Defendant Michael had qualified immunity for his actions. Whether the district court erroneously concluded that Defendant City was not liable for Defendant Michael’s acts. Briefly stated, we see this case as presenting an emergency situation (gun shots in the night) and a police officer’s reaction to a confusing situation — including Plaintiffs reluctance to comply with police instructions — that involved potential danger. For background, see United States v.

Holloway, 290 F.3d 1331, 1334-41 (11th Cir.2002) (describing how emergency situations affect what is reasonable for police to do). Given the circumstances, the district court concluded that the force applied— which, by the way, caused no serious physical injury — was not excessive and that placing Plaintiff in a patrol car for a good many minutes was not unreasonable. And because the district court correctly concluded that Defendant Michael had not violated Plaintiffs constitutional rights, the Defendant City cannot be held liable in this case. We see no reversible error. AFFIRMED. .

We accept that the extent of physical injury is not conclusive about the presence or absence of constitutional violation. See Wilkins v. Gaddy, -U.S. -, 130 S.Ct. 1175, - L.Ed.2d -, (2010) (Eighth Amendment case). But a lack of serious injury can illustrate how much force was actually used.