UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Victor Manuel VALENZUELA-RIVERA, also known as Victor Rivera-Caldera, Defendant-Appellant, 190 F. App'x 372

PER CURIAM: Appealing the Judgment in a Criminal Case, Victor Manuel Valenzuela-Rivera raises arguments that are foreclosed by Almendarez-Torres v. United States, 523 U.S. 224, 235, 118 S.Ct. 1219, 140 L.Ed.2d 350 (1998), which held that 8 U.S.C. § 1326(b)(2) is a penalty provision and not a separate criminal offense. The Government’s motion for

summary affirmance is GRANTED, and the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED. Pursuant to 5th Cir. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5th Cir. R. 47.5.4.