ATLANTIC COAST LINE R. CO. v. WINN, 246 F. 929

BATTS, Circuit Judge. The questions involved herein arise’ upon the action of the trial court in overruling a general demurrer to the petition of defendant in error. The only matter necessary to consider is whether the fifth paragraph of the petition shows that the husband of defendant in error, damages for whose death she sues, was an employe of plaintiff in error.

The paragraph is as follows: ‘‘Tour petitioner further shows that the line of railroad, leading from Savannah, Georgia, to Jesup, Georgia, over which the said Southern passenger train, No. 31, was being operated, was owned, operated, and controlled by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company.

The said Atlantic Coast Line Railroad-Company had the exclusive chartered rights and privileges to the said line of railway, and the trains of the said Southern Railway, running into and out of Savannah, between Savannah, Georgia, and Jesup, Georgia, over the main track of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company, were operated under the. rules of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company, and under the exclusive management, direction, and control of the said Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company.

The engine, cars, and equipment of said Southern 'Railway trains, were the property of the Southern Railway Company, and the employes in charge of said trains were the employes of the Southern Railway Company; but the officers and agents of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company in charge of the operation of its trains, had also the exclusive right to control and direct the operation of the trains of the Southern Railway over said Coast Line tracks, even to the extent of discipline and discharge of the train employés of the Southern Railway.” The Employers’ Liability Act of Georgia (Acts 1909, p. 160) provides that, in case of death of an employé of a common carrier, resulting from the negligence named in the statute, suit may be instituted by the surviving widow “in case no administrator or executor has been appointed at the time suit is filed.” The petition makes no allegation to the effect that at the time the suit was filed there was no executor' or administrator of the deceased husband of the plaintiff.

If the necessary implication of the concluding clauses of the quoted paragraph is that the deceased husband of the plaintiff was an employé of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company, the petition is lacking in an essential allegation, and was not good, even as against a general demurrer. The allegations indicate that the Southern Railway Company, by whom the deceased was employed as a locomotive engineer, operated its trains over the railroad of defendant.

These trains, according to the allegations of the petition, were operated under the rules of the defendant company, and under its exclusive management, direction, and control.

The engines, cars, and equipment were the property of the Southern Railway Company, and the employés in charge of the train were its employés; but, says the petition: “Tbe officers and agents of- tbe Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company in charge of tbe operation of its trains bad also tbe exclusive right to control and direct tbe operation of tbe trains of tbe Southern Railway over said Coast Line tracks, even to tbe extent of discipline and discharge of tbe train employés of tbe Southern Railway.” It was, of course, essential to the safe operation of the trains, the tracks not being exclusively used by the Southern Railway Company, that entire control should be in the owning or one of tire interested companies, and, under the allegations, this matter of directing the operation of trains was in the defendant company.

This right to direct also-, almost necessarily, carried with it authority to discipline and discharge train employés while engaged in the operation of such trains. The right to discipline and discharge is an ordinary incident to the relation of employer and employé, but that right does not conclusively fix such relationship. Conditions may arise, and have arisen in this case, where it is necessary that the employer should delegate to another a limited and temporary right to discipline and discharge.

The employes operating the Southern Railway trains were not hired by the Atlantic Coast Tine Company, were not paid by that company, were not working for the benefit of that company, and were subject to discipline and discharge only when the conditions made it impossible for the Southern Railway Company to exercise that right, and made it necessary that the right should be in the Coast Tine Company. Under the circumstances detailed in the fifth paragraph, the em-ployés of the Southern Railway Company were entitled from the Coast Tine Company to’ many of the rights of employes.

Among these was the right to a safe place to work and to protection against negligence of the officers, agents, and employés of the defendant company. But while such persons had certain rights measured by the rights of em-ployés, they did not have all the rights which employés have, and one of the rights which they had not acquired was the benefit of the liberalized rules as to liability for negligence established by the Georgia Employers’ Tiability Act.

The allegations of the fifth paragraph are, we think, consistent with relations between the Atlantic Coast Tine Company and employés of the Southern Railroad Company, other than that of employer and em-ployé. The widow of the deceased engineer is entitled to sue under the general statute with reference to damages for injuries resulting in death, and she has properly brought the suit in her own name. In other respects the petition sets forth a good cause of action, and the general demurrer was properly overruled. The judgment is affirmed.