UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Eric M. COUSIN, Defendant-Appellant, 448 F. App'x 593

PER CURIAM. Eric Cousin, who has entered a conditional guilty plea to federal drug and firearm charges, appeals the district court’s order denying his motion to suppress. Cousin argues that the district court should have permitted an evidentiary hearing to determine whether the underlying traffic stop resulted from racial profiling in violation of his rights under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. We unanimously agree that this appeal would not benefit from oral argument. Fed. R.App. P. 34(a).

After reviewing the record, the parties’ briefs, and the applicable law, we agree with the district court that our recent decision in United States v. Nichols controls and precludes application of the exclusionary rule to Cousin’s equal protection claim. 512 F.3d 789, 794-95 (6th Cir.2008) (declining to apply the exclusionary rule to a suppression motion predicated on the officer’s alleged use of racial profiling), overruled on other grounds as recognized in United States v. Buford, 632 F.3d 264, 269 (6th Cir.2011).

Cousin’s challenge to the stop under the 4th Amendment was rejected and he does not challenge that determination. Thus, the exclusionary rule does not apply. Under Nichols, “the proper remedy for any [criminal defendant’s equal protection] violation is a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action against the offending officers.” Id. at 794. Cousin asks the court to overrule Nichols, but we cannot do so in the absence of an intervening change in law or en banc review. See, e.g., 6 Cir. R. 206; Valentine v. Francis, 270 F.3d 1032, 1035 (6th Cir.2001). We therefore AFFIRM the district court’s judgment.