Gust Marion JANIS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Eric H. HOLDER Jr., Attorney General; et al., Defendants-Appellees, 334 F. App'x 113

MEMORANDUM Gust Marion Janis, a federal prisoner, appeals pro se from the district court’s judgment in his action brought under Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388, 91 S.Ct. 1999, 29 L.Ed.2d 619 (1971). We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo, Toguchi v. Chung, 391 F.3d 1051, 1056 (9th Cir.2004) (summary judgment), Wyatt v. Terhune, 315 F.3d 1108, 1117 (9th Cir.2003) (dismissal for failure to exhaust), and we affirm. Contrary to Janis’s contentions, the exhaustion requirement in 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(

a) applies to this action because it was filed in 2001, after § 1997e(

a) was enacted. Cf. Bishop v. Lewis, 155 F.3d 1094, 1096 (9th Cir.1998) (holding that the Prison Litigation Reform Act’s exhaustion requirement does not apply to actions filed prior to its enactment). The record belies Janis’s contention that defendants’

summary judgment motion was “not supported by any affidavits based on personal knowledge, exhibits, or other evidentiary materials.” Janis’s remaining contentions regarding

summary judgment, exhaustion of administrative remedies, and the statute of limitations are not persuasive because they are conclusory statements unsupported by legal argument. See Fed. R.App. P. 28(a)(9); Entm’t Research Group, Inc. v. Genesis Creative Group, Inc., 122 F.3d 1211, 1217 (9th Cir.1997) (“We review only issues which are argued specifically and distinctly in a party’s opening brief. We will not manufacture arguments for an appellant, and a bare assertion does not preserve a claim.”).

We deny as unnecessary and improper Janis’s request that we take judicial notice of details of documents that are already part of the record. AFFIRMED. This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.