UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Cesar MASCORRO, Defendant-Appellant, 467 F. App'x 714

MEMORANDUM 1. Mascorro’s own admission of his pri- or bad act provides sufficient proof under Huddleston v. United States, 485 U.S. 681, 690, 108 S.Ct. 1496, 99 L.Ed.2d 771 (1988), for admission of the prior bad act into evidence. Admitting the evidence didn’t violate Federal Rule of Evidence 404(

b) because the prior bad act indicated both Mascorro’s knowledge that his passengers were in the United States unlawfully and his purpose to help them remain. See United States v. Longoria, 624 F.2d 66, 69 (9th Cir.1980). The district court didn’t abuse its discretion in finding that the prejudicial effect of admitting the prior bad act didn’t substantially outweigh its probative value. See United States v. Ramirez-Jiminez, 967 F.2d 1321, 1327 (9th Cir.1992). 2. The grand jury instructions Mascorro challenges are indistinguishable from those we’ve previously held not to be constitutionally defective.

See United States v. Caruto, 663 F.3d 394, 398-99 (9th Cir. 2011); United States v. Cortez-Rivera, 454 F.3d 1038, 1040-41 (9th Cir.2006); United States v. Navarro-Vargas, 408 F.3d 1184, 1187 (9th Cir.2005) (en banc). AFFIRMED. This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.