MISSOURI, KANSAS AND TEXAS RAILWAY COMPANY v. FERRIS, 179 U.S. 602

Mr. Justice Brewer delivered the opinion of the court. This case is before us on a motion to dismiss or affirm. The parties being citizens of the same. State, the jurisdiction of this court is invoked on the alleged ground of a Federal question. It is contended that the amendment of April 22, 1897, which takes away in cases in which a corporation is a party on either side the right to preliminary ex parte depositions, is in conflict with the Fourteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution, inasmuch as it is unwarranted class legislation, and denies the equal protection of the laws.

If we examine the opinion of the Court of Civil Appeals, or the proceedings in the Supreme Court of the State, we find no reference to that question. It either was not called to the attention of those tribunals or was unnoticed by them.

Turning to the record of the trial in the District Court it appears that when the interrogatories were presented, together with the certificate of the clerk that the two plaintiffs named had refused to answer, the court ruled that the act of April 22, 1897, was constitutional; that, therefore, the defendant had no right to present such interrogatories, and overruled its motion that they be taken as confessed; and that the defendant excepted upon the ground of a conflict between such statute and the Fourteenth Amendment.

It further • appears that thereupon the plaintiffs asked permission to introduce testimony in respect to such refusal, and the testimony being produced, it was disclosed that the only refusal was that of the uncle; that the boys not only did not decline to answer, but were not even asked any of the interrogatories; and that the uncle declared that he would take the boys .to town that afternoon to consult attorneys, and then, if thei’e was no objection, the defendant’s counsel might ask them what he wished.

Upon this testimony the court again overruled the motion of the defendant to take the interrogatories as confessed. While the court, in the first instance, expressed an opinion that the act of 1897 was constitutional, yet its final ruling was based upon the disclosure made by the testimony. That disclosure was of facts which, under the original statute and irrespective of the amendment of 1897, did not, according to the rulings of the Supreme Court of the State, entitle the defendant to have the interrogatories taken as confessed; In Wofford v.

Farmer, 90 Texas, 651, it appeared that the notary acting for the defendants, without having given any previous notice, came to the plaintiff and demanded that he should answer the interrogatories; that the plaintiff refused to answer, assigning as a reason that he wished to see his attorneys, and that it was necessary that he should examine some papers before giving his answers.

The Supreme Court sustained the action of the trial court in declining to hold the interrogatories taken as confessed, saying (p. 654): “ The statute gives a party to whom interrogatories are propounded by his adversary the right ‘ in answer to .the questions propounded to state any matter connected with the cause and pertinent to the issue to be tried.’ Rev. Stat. art. 2296. Consultation with his counsel is necessary to a judicious exercise of this right.

The privilege given by the statute to a party to a suit to propound interrogatories to the opposite party for the purpose of discovering evidence is an important one; but in our opinion was not given for the purpose of entrapping his adversary, and hence the latter should not be denied the right of consultation with his attorney. A refusal to answer without giving a reasonable time for such consultation should not be deemed contumacious, and a certificate made under such circumstances should, upon a proper motion, supported by proof of the facts, be suppressed. Bounds v. Little, 75 Texas, 316; Robertson v.

Melasky, 84 Texas, 559.” The cases cited in this quotation go to sustain the proposition that the refusal of the party to answer must be willful and contumacious. Stich being the construction placed by the Supreme Court of the State upon the statute, the trial court properly held that the certificate of the officer to the refusal of the plaintiffs was • not conclusive, and that upon the facts as. disclosed, the interrogatories should not be taken as confessed.

Now, whatever may have been the opinion of the trial court as to the validity of the act of 1897, no matter what may have been said in the progress of the trial in respect to its validity, if the final ruling was based upon a state of facts which put the act entirely out of the case, it cannot be that we are called upon to consider any expression of opinion concerning it, for such expression was not necessary for the decision. Moot questions require no answer. This being the only matter suggested, and it appearing that the Federal question stated in the record calls for no decision, judgment is Affirmed.