CITY OF DAYTONA BEACH SHORES, etc., Petitioner, v. STATE of Florida, Respondent; COUNTY OF ST. JOHNS, et al., Appellants, v. BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF the INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT TRUST FUND, Appellee, 483 So. 2d 405

OVERTON, Justice. These consolidated cases concern the validity of beach “user fees” charged drivers of motor vehicles for entry onto the Atlantic beaches within the jurisdictions of the City of Daytona Beach Shores, St. Johns County, and the City of St. Augustine Beach. The City of Daytona Beach Shores seeks review of the Fifth District Court of Appeal’s decision in City of Daytona Beach Shores v. State, 454 So.2d 651 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984), which we find conflicts with Nichols v. City of Jacksonville, 262 So.2d 236 (Fla. 1st DCA 1972). In County of St. Johns v.

Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund, No. 85-279, the Fifth District Court of Appeal certified the trial court judgment as being of great public importance requiring immediate resolution by the Supreme Court. We have jurisdiction. Art. Y, §§ 3(b)(3) and (4), Fla. Const. We quash the district court’s decision in City of Daytona Beach Shores, reverse the certified trial court judgment in County of St.

Johns, and find that no constitutional provision impedes the imposition of reasonable user fees for access to sovereign lands when the revenue received is used solely for the maintenance, operation, and improvement of those lands. We note that the taxpayers have paid the expenses incurred in both of these government-versus-government actions, which arose when the State of Florida, through the state attorney and the Board of Trustees of the Internal Improvement Trust Fund, sought trial court orders enjoining these local governments from collecting beach user fees from motor vehicles.

Each of these governmental entities is controlled by the legislature, which, in its 1985 session, has expressly resolved the primary issue presented in this case. See ch. 85-55, Laws of Fla. The following are the circumstances that bring each of these actions before the Court. City of Daytona Beach Shores In 1982, the City of Daytona Beach Shores passed an ordinance providing for the imposition of a beach user fee within its municipal boundaries.

The city council determined that the fee was necessary as a result of the “increase in cost of providing police protection, clean-up service, beach ramp maintenance, capital improvements, and similar services to the increasing members of the general public utilizing the Atlantic Ocean beach.” The ordinance restricted the expenditure of the funds to payment of existing beach-related services, law enforcement, fire and rescue services, and public works, and provided that any excess would be used for future beach improvements.

The state attorney brought an action against the city, claiming it had no authority to impose such a fee. The trial judge agreed, holding that the fee restricts “the liberty of the public to unhindered free access to the navigable waters in the foreshore.” The judge also found that the beach access fee is not a legitimate exercise of the city’s power to regulate the beach.

The district court of appeal affirmed on the grounds that the ordinance is an invalid exercise of the city’s police powers and that “drivers of vehicles on the beach are asked to subsidize governmental activities unrelated to the purpose for which they are charged,” and “to pay the entire cost of beach-related clean-up expenses.” 454 So.2d at 655. County of St. Johns and City of St. Augustine Beach In adopting an ordinance providing for a fee of one dollar per motor vehicle for beach access during high use periods, St.

Johns County Board of County Commissioners found that “approximately ninety-six percent of the people who use the county beaches during the days and hours that motor vehicle beach passes are required (the summer beach session) enter upon such beaches by means of motor vehicles driven and parked on county beaches.” By its terms, the ordinance restricted the expenditure of these revenues to payment of a percentage of the beach costs attributable to motor vehicle use during the times the fees were charged.

The trial court enjoined the collection of the fee, concluding that it was bound by the district court of appeal’s decision in City of Daytona Beach Shores, particularly that portion of the opinion holding that such a fee discriminates against persons who drive, rather than walk, to the beach. Validity of Beach User Fees In oral argument, the state contended that local governmental entities have no constitutional or statutory authority to regulate motor vehicle access to the beaches or to charge a motor vehicle access fee. Subsequently, the 1985 Florida Legislature addressed that issue. Newly enacted

section 161.58(2), Florida Statutes (1985), contained in

chapter 85-55, Laws of Florida, provides: Vehicular traffic, except that which is necessary for clean-up, repair, or public safety, or for the purpose of maintaining existing authorized public accessways, is prohibited on coastal beaches. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, the local government with jurisdiction over a coastal beach or part of a coastal beach, by a three-fifths vote of its governing body, may authorize vehicular traffic on all or portions of the beaches under its jurisdiction.

Any such local government shall be authorized by a three-fifths vote to charge a reasonable fee for vehicular traffic access. The revenues from any such fees shall be used only for beach maintenance purposes. (Emphasis added.) In view of this new legislation, we find it unnecessary to address the authority of these local governmental entities to impose such fees under other legislative acts and constitutional provisions.

We find the public trust doctrine, which declares that Florida’s beach sovereignty lands must be accessible to the public, does not prohibit local governments from imposing reasonable user fees for motor vehicle beach access, so long as the revenue is expended solely for the protection and welfare of the public using that particular beach, as well as for improvements that will enhance the public’s use of the sovereign property. We must also address the district court’s conclusion that the ordinance unjustly discriminates between motorists and pedestrians.

This record reflects, through testimony, exhibits, and findings of the local legislative bodies, that a substantial majority of persons who use the beaches arrive on those beaches via motor vehicles. In our view, the record conclusively demonstrates that permitting vehicles to drive onto the beach greatly facilitates the public’s beach access, creating a need for public welfare services including sanitation, a lifesaving corps, and, particularly, traffic control for the vehicles.

In fact, this Court recently noted in another context that the “mixture of cars and reclining persons” on a beach is “lethal” and held that a local governmental entity has a duty to warn beach users when there is inadequate supervision and control of those motor vehicles. Ralph v. City of Daytona Beach, 471 So.2d 1, 3 (Fla.1985). The record further reveals that, because little other parking is available to the public, prohibiting motor vehicle access to the beaches would deny beach use to many and effectively restrict their use to beach residents.

Under the circumstances of these cases, we find that a reasonable access fee charged motor vehicles creates a permissible classification. Accordingly, we remand these cases to the district court with directions to remand to the trial courts to determine if (1) the beach access fees are reasonable and (2) the ordinances otherwise comply with the provisions of

section 161.58, Florida Statutes, which became effective October 1, 1985. It is so ordered. ADKINS, McDonald, EHRLICH and SHAW, JJ., concur. BOYD, C.J., dissents with an opinion.