Lee and Wife v. Kingsbury, 13 Tex. 68

Wheeler, J. The errors assigned, which it is material to consider, are 1st. The ruling of the Court sustaining the demurrer to the answer. 2nd. The rejection of evidence proposed by the defendant; and 3rd. Insufficiency of the evidence to support the verdict. The answer of the defendants sought to bring again in litigation in this suit, matters which had been finally adjudicated and determined in a former suit between the same parties.

It is an elementary principle, which does not require the support of argument or authority, that the judgments of a Court of competent jurisdiction are revisable only in an appellate Court, and cannot be impeached collaterally. Every matter adjudicated becomes a part of the record, which ■ imports absolute verity. So long as the judgment remains in force, it is in itself evidence of the right of the plaintiff to the thing adjudged, and gives him a right to process to execute the judgmenfc. (10 Pet. 449; 3 Tex.

R. 447.) It is not necessary to-the conclusiveness of the former judgment that issue should have been taken upon the precise point which it is proposed to controvert in the collateral action. It is sufficient if that point was essential to the former judgment. (1 Greenl. Ev. Sec. 534.) The judgment, which the answer proposed to impeach, conclusively settled that the lot, upon which it adjudicated a foreclosure of the mortgage, was not within the homestead exemption at the time of its rendition.

That question, therefore, it was not competent for the defendant to bring again into litigation in this action; unless it had been proposed to impeach that judgment on the ground of fraud, which is not averred or pretended in respect to the judgment. But even if it had been competent to impeach the decree of foreclosure, by averring that, at the time of its rendition, the lot was the homestead of the defendants, the answer does not contain that averment.

The allegation is that the lot was the separate property of the wife, and her homestead, at the date of the execution of the deed which was adjudged a mortgage, and on which the decree of foreclosure was rendered. It will not be denied that the wife may alienate her separate property ; and that the husband, with the concurrence of his wife in the forms prescribed by law, may create a mortgage upon the homestead, has been heretofore decided. (Sampson et al. v. Williamson, 6 Tex. R. 102.) It is immaterial, therefore, that the lot in question may have been the homestead at the time of the giving of the mortgage.

That it was not such at the time of the rendition of the judgment of foreclosure, was conclusively established as respects the matters in controversy in this suit, by the judgment itself. The answer, therefore, proposing to bring again into litigation that question, was manifestly insufficient; and the demurrer was rightly sustained. The evidence proposed, to prove that the lot in question had been set apart to the defendant, as a homestead, by the County Court, was rightly rejected for the same reason.

Its only effect, if admitted would have been, either to establish the immaterial fact that the lot had been the homestead at some other time, or to impeach the judgment'by proving that it was such at the time of its rendition. The latter, as we have seen, it was not competent for the defendant to do ; and the former was an immaterial matter. It does not appear whether this action of the Probate Court, which it was proposed to prove, was before or after the rendition of the judgment.

If before, its effect was defeated by the lot having ceased to be the homestead at the time of the rendition of the judgment, which is thereby conclusively determined; if after-wards, it cannot be pretended that it could have the effect to defeat the judgment decreeing a foreclosure of the mortgage. The evidence proposed, therefore, was clearly inadmissible j as being either immaterial and irrelevant, or incompetent to prove any material issuable fact in support of the defence.

It was inadmissible for the further reason that, the demurrer to the answer having been sustained, there was no answer in, and, consequently, no averment to lay the foundation for the admission of the evidence. The remaining objection to the judgment is, that the evidence was not sufficient to warrant the verdict, and entitle the plaintiff to a recovery. This objection is not tenable. The ground of the objection is that the judgment and execution, under which the premises were sold, are not embraced in the statement of facts. The statement of facts, however, shows that both were in evidence before the Court.

It states that the plaintiff gave in evidence the decree, and the Sheriff's deed, “ made under an order of sale, and execution, regularly issued from said Court, upon the judgment in case No. 801,” &e. It is evident, therefore, that the judgment and execution were before the Court. And the Clerk is directed by the parties, in the statement of facts signed by their attorneys, to omit copying them into the record ; for the reason, doubtless, that no question was made upon them, and it was proposed to avoid encumbering the record needlessly by their insertion.

The objection therefore is not well taken in point of fact. It is enough for the plaintiff’s case, that the evidence was before the Court. Every intendment is in favor of the judgment; and if any advantage was to be derived by the defendant, from an inspection of the instruments of evidence by this Court, he should not have concurred in instructing the Clerk to omit them ; but should have had them inserted in the record.

Finally, it may be observed, that it abundantly appears by the statement of facts, that the defence of the homestead exemption, sought to be .introduced by the defendants in .the Court below, and insisted on in argument in this Court, was without any foundation in fact. It is fully proved beyond a question, that the lot in controversy had ceased to be the homestead of the defendants, long before the rendition of the judgment foreclosing the mortgage, in June, 1853, and the sale under execution in pursuance thereof, in August of the same year.

If, therefore, the ruling of the Court in the matters complained of had been in favor of the defendants, the final result, upon the merits of the case, must have been the same". The judgment is affirmed. Judgment affirmed.